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Beowulf | Copyright

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The editors wish to thank the copyright holders of the excerpted criticism included in this volume and the permissions managers of many book and magazine publishing companies for assisting us in securing reproduction rights. We are also grateful to the staffs of the Detroit Public Library, the Library of Congress, the University of Detroit Mercy Library, Wayne State University Purdy/Kresge Library Complex, and the University of Michigan Libraries for making their resources available to us. Following is a list of the copyright holders who have granted us permission to reproduce material in this volume of EfS. Every effort has been made to trace copyright, but if omissions have been made, please let us know.

COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN EFS WERE REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING PERIODICALS:
Critical Inquiry, v. 12, Autumn 1985 for "The Moor in the Text: Metaphor, Emblem and Silence" by Israel Burshatin. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author. Dante Studies, Vol. LXXXVII, 1969. Reproduced by permission. Of Poetry and Politics: New Essays on Milton and His World, v. 126, 1995. Reproduced by permission. Studies in Philology, Vol. LXIX, 1972. Copyright © 1972 by The University of North Carolina Press. Reproduced by permission of the publisher. The French Review, v. LIV, April, 1981. Copyright © 1981 by The American Association of Teachers of French. Reproduced by permission of the publisher. The New Yorker, Feb, 1991 for "Ancestral Rhyme," by Brad Leithauser. Copyright © 1991 by Brad Leithauser. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author. World Literature Today, v. 67, Spring, 1993. Reproduced by permission.

COPYRIGHTED EXCERPTS IN EFS WERE REPRODUCED FROM THE FOLLOWING BOOKS:
Anderson, William S. From The Art of the Aeneid. Prentice-Hall, Inc, 1969. Copyright © 1969 by Prentice-Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Biebuyck, Daniel P. From Heroic Epic and Saga: An Introduction to the World's Great Folk Epics. Edited by Felix J. Oinas. Indiana University Press, 1978. Copyright © 1978 by Felix J. Oinas. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Indiana University Press.—Bradley, S. A. J. From Anglo-Saxon Poetry. David Campbell Publishers, Ltd. 1982. Copyright © 1982 by David Campbell Publishers, Ltd. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Clark, George. From Beowulf. Twayne Publishers, 1990. Copyright © 1990 by G.K. Hall and Company. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Duggan, Joseph J. From A New History of French Literature. Harvard University Press, 1989. Edited by Denis Hollier. Copyright © 1989 by Harvard University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— Duggan, Joseph J. From Oral Traditional Literature: A Festschrift for Albert Bates Lord. Slavica Publishers, 1981. Edited by John Miles Foley. Reproduced by permission of the author.—Gray, Wallace. From Homer to Joyce. Macmillan Publishing Company, 1985. Copyright © 1985 by Wallace Gray. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the author. —Griffin, Jasper. From Homer on Life and Death. Clarendon Press, 1980. Copyright © 1980 by Jasper Griffin. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Oxford University Press.—Griffin, Jasper. From Homer: The Odyssey. Cambridge University Press, 1987. Reproduced by permission of the publisher and the author.—Hatto, A. T. From The Nibelungenlied. Translated by A. T. Hatto. Penguin, 1969. Reproduced by permission.—Hutson, Arthur E. and Patricia McCoy. From Epics of the Western World. J. B. Lippencott Company, 1954. Copyright© 1954 by Arthur E. Hutson and Patricia McCoy. Renewed 1982 by Eleanor Hutson. Reproduced by permission of HarperCollins Publishers, Inc.—Jacobson, Thorkild. From The Treasures of Darkness: A History ofMesopotamian Religion. Yale University Press, 1976. Copyright © 1976 by Yale University Press. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Jones, Peter V. From The Odyssey. Edited by Homer, translated by E. V. Rieu. Penguin Classics, 1991. Reproduced by permission.—Magoun, Francis Peabody Jr. From The Kalevala: or Poems of the Kalevala District. Edited by Elias Lonnrot, translated by Francis Peabody Magoun, Jr. Harvard University Press, 1963. Copyright © 1963 by The President and Fellows of Harvard College. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.— Mookerjee, Arun Kumar. From Hindu Spirituality: Vedas through Vendanta. Edited by Krishna Sivaraman. Crossroad, 1989. Copyright © 1989 by the Crossroad Publishing Company. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission.—Oinas, Felix J. From Heroic Epic and Saga: An Introduction to the World's Great Folk Epics. Indiana University Press, 1978. Copyright © 1978 by Felix J. Oinas. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of the Indiana University Press.—Rexroth, Kenneth. From Classics Revisited, New Directions. New Directions Publishing, 1968. Copyright © 1968 by Kenneth Rexroth. All rights reserved. Reproduced by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation.—van Nooten, B. A. From Mahabharata. Edited by William Buck. University of California Press, 1973. Copyright © 1973 by The Regents of the University of California. Reproduced by permission.—Williams, R. D. and T. S. Pattie. From Virgil: His Poetry through the Ages. London, British Library, 1982. Reproduced by permission.

PHOTOGRAPHS AND ILLUSTRATIONS APPEARING IN EFS WERE RECEIVED FROM THE FOLLOWING SOURCES: A map of Asia Minor in Homer's time, illustration. FromA Short History of Greek Literature, by Jacqueline de Romilly. Translated by Lillian Doherty. The University of Chicago Press, 1985. Reproduced by permission of the publisher.—Ajax defending the Greek ships against the Trojans, illustration. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced by permission.— Beowulf beheads Grendel, illustration. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Bhisma on a bed of arrows, illustration by Shirley Triest. FtomMahabharata, edited by William Buck, introduced by B. A. van Nooten. University of California Press, 1973. Reproduced by permission.— Charlemagne holding orb and scepter, (742-814), Woodcut by Risson and Cottard. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by Permission.—Sundiata's family approaches the city of Mema. King Maghan Kon Fatta. Cut-paper illustrations from Sundiata, by David Wisniewski. Copyright © 1992, by David Wiesniewski. Reprinted by permission of Clarion Books/Houghton Mifflin Co. All rights reserved.— Connolly, Peter, illustrator. From an illustration in Homer's Odyssey (City of Troy beside the sea). George G. Harrap & Company, 1911.—Dante Alighieri, photograph of illustration. The Bettman Archive. Reproduced by permission.—Dante's Inferno, Canto XXII, illustration, Gustave Dore Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Dante's Inferno, Dante and Pope Adrian V., illustration, Gustave Dore. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.—Funeral of Hector, illustration. Archive Photos, Inc. Reproduced illustration by Shirley Triest. From Mahabharata, edited by William Buck, introduced by B. A. van Nooten. University of California Press, 1973. Reproduced by permission.—Map of Ancient Mesopotamia, illustration. From Voices From the Clay: The Development of Assyro-Babylonian Literature, by Silvestro Fiore. Copyright © 1965 by the University of Oklahoma Press.—Map of the voyage of Aeneas, line drawing. From The Greater Poems of Virgil, Vol. 1. Edited by J. B. Greennough and G. L. Kittredge. Ginn and Company, 1895. Copyright, 1895, by J.B. Greenough and G. L. Kittredge.—Milton, John, photograph of a illustration. International Portrait Gallery. Reproduced by permission.—Patten, Wilson, illustrator. From an illustration in Homer's Odyssey (in the underworld).—Siegfried and the dragon, illustrated by Julius Hubner.—The Gods . California Press, 1973. Reproduced by permission.— looking at Krsna and Arjuna, illustration by Shirley TriesL From Mahabharata, edited by William Buck, introduced by B. A. van Nooten. University of California Press, 1973. Reproduced by permission.— The Underworld Inferno as depicted in Virgil's Aeneid, copper engraving, 1655. Corbis-Bettmann. Reproduced by permission.