Chapter V

When I came home to West Egg that night I was afraid for a moment that my house was on fire. Two o’clock and the whole corner of the peninsula was blazing with light, which fell unreal on the shrubbery and made thin elongating glints upon the roadside wires. Turning a corner, I saw that it was Gatsby’s house, lit from tower to cellar.

At first I thought it was another party, a wild rout that had resolved itself into “hide-and-go-seek” or “sardines-in-the-box” with all the house thrown open to the game. But there wasn’t a sound. Only wind in the trees, which blew the wires and made the lights go off and on again as if the house had winked into the darkness. As my taxi groaned away I saw Gatsby walk­ing toward me across his lawn.

“Your place looks like the World’s Fair,” I said.

“Does it?” He turned his eyes toward it absently. “I have been glancing into some of the rooms. Let’s go to Coney Island, old sport. In my car.”

“It’s too late.”

“Well, suppose we take a plunge in the swimming-pool? I haven’t made use of it all summer.”

“I’ve got to go to bed.”

“All right.”

He waited, looking at me with suppressed eagerness.

“I talked with Miss Baker,” I said after a moment. “I’m going to call up Daisy tomorrow and invite her over here to tea.”

“Oh, that’s all right,” he said carelessly. “I don’t want to put you to any trouble.”

“What day would suit you?”

“What day would suit you?” he corrected me quickly. “I don’t want to put you to any trouble, you see.”

“How about the day after tomorrow?”

He considered for a moment. Then, with reluctance:

“I want to get the grass cut,” he said.

We both looked at the grass—there was a sharp line where my ragged lawn ended and the darker, well­-kept expanse of his began. I suspected that he meant my grass.

“There’s another little thing,” he said uncertainly, and hesitated.

“Would you rather put it off for a few days?” I asked.

“Oh, it isn’t about that. At least—” He fumbled with a series of beginnings. “Why, I thought—why, look here, old sport, you don’t make much money, do you?”

“Not very much.”

This seemed to reassure him and he continued more confidently.

“I thought you didn’t, if you’ll pardon my—you see, I carry on a little business on the side, a sort of side line, you understand. And I thought that if you don’t make very much— You’re selling bonds, aren’t you, old sport?”

“Trying to.”

“Well, this would interest you. It wouldn’t take up much of your time and you might pick up a nice bit of money. It happens to be a rather confidential sort of thing.”

I realize now that under different circumstances that conversation might have been one of the crises of my life. But, because the offer was obviously and tactlessly for a service to be rendered, I had no choice except to cut him off there.

“I’ve got my hands full,” I said. “I’m much obliged but I couldn’t take on any more work.”

“You wouldn’t have to do any business with Wolfs­hiem.” Evidently he thought that I was shying away from the “gonnegtion” mentioned at lunch, but I assured him he was wrong. He waited a moment longer, hoping I’d begin a conversation, but I was too absorbed to be responsive, so he went unwillingly home.

The evening had made me light-headed and happy; I think I walked into a deep sleep as I entered my front door. So I don’t know whether or not Gatsby went to Coney Island, or for how many hours he “glanced into rooms” while his house blazed gaudily on. I called up Daisy from the office next morning, and invited her to come to tea.

“Don’t bring Tom,” I warned her.

“What?”

“Don’t bring Tom.”

“Who is ‘Tom’?” she asked innocently.

The day agreed upon was pouring rain. At eleven o’clock a man in a raincoat, dragging a lawn-mower, tapped at my front door and said that Mr. Gatsby had sent him over to cut my grass. This reminded me that I had forgotten to tell my Finn to come back, so I drove into West Egg Village to search for her among soggy whitewashed alleys and to buy some cups and lemons and flowers.

The flowers were unnecessary, for at two o’clock a greenhouse arrived from Gatsby’s, with innumerable receptacles to contain it. An hour later the front door opened nervously, and Gatsby, in a white flannel suit, silver shirt, and gold-colored tie, hurried in. He was pale, and there were dark signs of sleeplessness be­ neath his eyes.

“Is everything all right?” he asked immediately.

“The grass looks fine, if that’s what you mean.”

“What grass?” he inquired blankly. “Oh, the grass in the yard.” He looked out the window at it, but, judging from his expression, I don’t believe he saw a thing.

“Looks very good,” he remarked vaguely. “One of the papers said they thought the rain would stop about four. I think it was The Journal. Have you got every­ thing you need in the shape of—of tea?”

I took him into the pantry, where he looked a little reproachfully at the Finn. Together we scrutinized the twelve lemon cakes from the delicatessen shop.

“Will they do?” I asked.

“Of course, of course! They’re fine!” and he added hollowly, “. . . old sport.”

The rain cooled about half-past three to a damp mist, through which occasional thin drops swam like dew. Gatsby looked with vacant eyes through a copy of Clay’s “Economics,” starting at the Finnish tread that shook the kitchen floor, and peering toward the bleared windows from time to time as if a series of invisible but alarming happenings were taking place outside. Finally he got up and informed me, in an uncertain voice, that he was going home.

“Why’s that?”

“Nobody’s coming to tea. It’s too late!” He looked at his watch as if there was some pressing demand on his time elsewhere. “I can’t wait all day.”

“Don’t be silly; it’s just two minutes to four.”

He sat down miserably, as if I had pushed him, and simultaneously there was the sound of a motor turning into my lane. We both jumped up, and, a little har­rowed myself, I went out into the yard.

Under the dripping bare lilac-trees a large open car was coming up the drive. It stopped. Daisy’s face, tipped sideways beneath a three-cornered lavender hat, looked out at me with a bright ecstatic smile.

“Is this absolutely where you live, my dearest one?”

The exhilarating ripple of her voice was a wild tonic in the rain. I had to follow the sound of it for a moment, up and down, with my ear alone, before any words came through. A damp streak of hair lay like a dash of blue paint across her cheek, and her hand was wet with glistening drops as I took it to help her from the car.

“Are you in love with me,” she said low in my ear, “or why did I have to come alone?”

“That’s the secret of Castle Rackrent. Tell your chauffeur to go far away and spend an hour.”

“Come back in an hour, Ferdie.” Then in a grave murmur: “His name is Ferdie.”

“Does the gasoline affect his nose?”

“I don’t think so,” she said innocently. “Why?”

We went in. To my overwhelming surprise the living-room was deserted.

“Well, that’s funny!” I exclaimed.

“What’s funny?”

She turned her head as there was a light dignified knocking at the front door. I went out and opened it. Gatsby, pale as death, with his hands plunged like weights in his coat pockets, was standing in a puddle of water glaring tragically into my eyes.

With his hands still in his coat pockets he stalked by me into the hall, turned sharply as if he were on a wire, and disappeared into the living-room. It wasn’t a bit funny. Aware of the loud beating of my own heart I pulled the door to against the increas­ing rain.

For half a minute there wasn’t a sound. Then from the living-room I heard a sort of choking murmur and part of a laugh, followed by Daisy’s voice on a clear artificial note:

“I certainly am awfully glad to see you again.”

A pause; it endured horribly. I had nothing to do in the hall, so I went into the room.

Gatsby, his hands still in his pockets, was reclining against the mantelpiece in a strained counterfeit of perfect ease, even of boredom. His head leaned back so far that it rested against the face of a defunct man­telpiece clock, and from this position his distraught eyes stared down at Daisy, who was sitting, frightened but graceful, on the edge of a stiff chair.

“We’ve met before,” muttered Gatsby. His eyes glanced momentarily at me, and his lips parted with an abortive attempt at a laugh. Luckily the clock took this moment to tilt dangerously at the pressure of his head, whereupon he turned and caught it with trem­bling fingers and set it back in place. Then he sat down, rigidly, his elbow on the arm of the sofa and his chin in his hand.

“I’m sorry about the clock,” he said.

My own face had now assumed a deep tropical burn. I couldn’t muster up a single commonplace out of the thousand in my head.

“It’s an old clock,” I told them idiotically.

I think we all believed for a moment that it had smashed in pieces on the floor.

“We haven’t met for many years,” said Daisy, her voice as matter-of-fact as it could ever be.

“Five years next November.”

The automatic quality of Gatsby’s answer set us all back at least another minute. I had them both on their feet with the desperate suggestion that they help me make tea in the kitchen when the demoniac Finn brought it in on a tray.

Amid the welcome confusion of cups and cakes a certain physical decency established itself. Gatsby got himself into a shadow and, while Daisy and I talked, looked conscientiously from one to the other of us with tense, unhappy eyes. However, as calmness wasn’t an end in itself, I made an excuse at the first possible moment, and got to my feet.

“Where are you going?” demanded Gatsby in im­mediate alarm.

“I’ll be back.”

“I’ve got to speak to you about something before you go.”

He followed me wildly into the kitchen, closed the door, and whispered: “Oh, God!” in a miserable way.

“What’s the matter?”

“This is a terrible mistake,” he said, shaking his head from side to side, “a terrible, terrible mistake.”

“You’re just embarrassed, that’s all,” and luckily I added: “Daisy’s embarrassed too.”

“She’s embarrassed?” he repeated incredulously.

“Just as much as you are.”

“Don’t talk so loud.”

“You’re acting like a little boy,” I broke out impatiently. “Not only that, but you’re rude. Daisy’s sitting in there all alone.”

He raised his hand to stop my words, looked at me with unforgettable reproach, and, opening the door cautiously, went back into the other room.

I walked out the back way—just as Gatsby had when he had made his nervous circuit of the house half an hour before—and ran for a huge black knotted tree, whose massed leaves made a fabric against the rain. Once more it was pouring, and my irregular lawn, well-shaved by Gatsby’s gardener, abounded in small muddy swamps and prehistoric marshes. There was nothing to look at from under the tree except Gatsby’s enormous house, so I stared at it, like Kant at his church steeple, for half an hour. A brewer had built it early in the “period” craze, a decade before, and there was a story that he’d agreed to pay five years’ taxes on all the neighboring cottages if the owners would have their roofs thatched with straw. Perhaps their refusal took the heart out of his plan to Found a Family—he went into an immediate decline. His children sold his house with the black wreath still on the door. Americans, while occasionally willing to be serfs, have always been obstinate about being peas­antry.

After half an hour, the sun shone again, and the grocer’s automobile rounded Gatsby’s drive with the raw material for his servants’ dinner—I felt sure he wouldn’t eat a spoonful. A maid began opening the upper windows of his house, appeared momentarily in each, and, leaning from a large central bay, spat meditatively into the garden. It was time I went back. While the rain continued it had seemed like the murmur of their voices, rising and swelling a little now and then with gusts of emotion. But in the new silence I felt that silence had fallen within the house too.

I went in—after making every possible noise in the kitchen, short of pushing over the stove—but I don’t believe they heard a sound. They were sitting at either end of the couch, looking at each other as if some question had been asked, or was in the air, and every vestige of embarrassment was gone. Daisy’s face was smeared with tears, and when I came in she jumped up and began wiping at it with her handkerchief before a mirror. But there was a change in Gatsby that was simply confounding. He literally glowed; without a word or a gesture of exultation a new well-being radiated from him and filled the little room.

“Oh, hello, old sport,” he said, as if he hadn’t seen me for years. I thought for a moment he was going to shake hands.

“It’s stopped raining.”

“Has it?” When he realized what I was talking about, that there were twinkle-bells of sunshine in the room, he smiled like a weather man, like an ecstatic patron of recurrent light, and repeated the news to Daisy. “What do you think of that? It’s stopped rain­ing.”

“I’m glad, Jay.” Her throat, full of aching, grieving beauty, told only of her unexpected joy.

“I want you and Daisy to come over to my house,” he said, “I’d like to show her around.”

“You’re sure you want me to come?”

“Absolutely, old sport.”

Daisy went upstairs to wash her face—too late I thought with humiliation of my towels—while Gatsby and I waited on the lawn.

“My house looks well, doesn’t it?” he demanded. “See how the whole front of it catches the light.”

I agreed that it was splendid.

“Yes.” His eyes went over it, every arched door and square tower. “It took me just three years to earn the money that bought it.”

“I thought you inherited your money.”

“I did, old sport,” he said automatically, “but I lost most of it in the big panic—the panic of the war.”

I think he hardly knew what he was saying, for when I asked him what business he was in he answered: “That’s my affair,” before he realized that it wasn’t an appropriate reply.

“Oh, I’ve been in several things,” he corrected him­self. “I was in the drug business and then I was in the oil business. But I’m not in either one now.” He looked at me with more attention. “Do you mean you’ve been thinking over what I proposed the other night?”

Before I could answer, Daisy came out of the house and two rows of brass buttons on her dress gleamed in the sunlight.

“That huge place there?” she cried pointing.

“Do you like it?”

“I love it, but I don’t see how you live there all alone.”

“I keep it always full of interesting people, night and day. People who do interesting things. Celebrated people.”

Instead of taking the short-cut along the Sound we went down to the road and entered by the big postern. With enchanting murmurs Daisy admired this aspect or that of the feudal silhouette against the sky, admired the gardens, the sparkling odor of jonquils and the frothy odor of hawthorn and plum blossoms and the pale gold odor of kiss-me-at-the-gate. It was strange to reach the marble steps and find no stir of bright dresses in and out of the door, and hear no sound but bird voices in the trees.

And inside, as we wandered through Marie Antoi­nette music-rooms and Restoration salons, I felt that there were guests concealed behind every couch and table, under orders to be breathlessly silent until we had passed through. As Gatsby closed the door of “the Merton College Library” I could have sworn I heard the owl-eyed man break into ghostly laughter.

We went upstairs, through period bedrooms swathed in rose and lavender silk and vivid with new flowers, through dressing-rooms and poolrooms, and bathrooms with sunken baths—intruding into one chamber where a dishevelled man in pajamas was doing liver exercises on the floor. It was Mr. Klipspringer, the “boarder.” I had seen him wandering hungrily about the beach that morning. Finally we came to Gatsby’s own apartment, a bedroom and a bath, and an Adam study, where we sat down and drank a glass of some Chartreuse he took from a cupboard in the wall.

He hadn’t once ceased looking at Daisy, and I think he revalued everything in his house according to the measure of response it drew from her well-loved eyes. Sometimes, too, he stared around at his possessions in a dazed way, as though in her actual and astounding presence none of it was any longer real. Once he nearly toppled down a flight of stairs.

His bedroom was the simplest room of all—except where the dresser was garnished with a toilet set of pure dull gold. Daisy took the brush with delight, and smoothed her hair, whereupon Gatsby sat down and shaded his eyes and began to laugh.

“It’s the funniest thing, old sport,” he said hilariously. “I can’t— When I try to——”

He had passed visibly through two states and was entering upon a third. After his embarrassment and his unreasoning joy he was consumed with wonder at her presence. He had been full of the idea so long, dreamed it right through to the end, waited with his teeth set, so to speak, at an inconceivable pitch of intensity. Now, in the reaction, he was running down like an over­wound clock.

Recovering himself in a minute he opened for us two hulking patent cabinets which held his massed suits and dressing-gowns and ties, and his shirts, piled like bricks in stacks a dozen high.

“I’ve got a man in England who buys me clothes. He sends over a selection of things at the beginning of each season, spring and fall.”

He took out a pile of shirts and began throwing them, one by one, before us, shirts of sheer linen and thick silk and fine flannel, which lost their folds as they fell and covered the table in many-colored disarray. While we admired he brought more and the soft rich heap mounted higher—shirts with stripes and scrolls and plaids in coral and apple-green and lavender and faint orange, with monograms of Indian blue. Suddenly, with a strained sound, Daisy bent her head into the shirts and began to cry stormily.

“They’re such beautiful shirts,” she sobbed, her voice muffled in the thick folds. “It makes me sad because I’ve never seen such—such beautiful shirts before.”

* * *

After the house, we were to see the grounds and the swimming-pool, and the hydroplane and the mid-sum­mer flowers—but outside Gatsby’s window it began to rain again, so we stood in a row looking at the cor­rugated surface of the Sound.

“If it wasn’t for the mist we could see your home across the bay,” said Gatsby. “You always have a green light that burns all night at the end of your dock.”

Daisy put her arm through his abruptly, but he seemed absorbed in what he had just said. Possibly it had occurred to him that the colossal significance of that light had now vanished forever. Compared to the great distance that had separated him from Daisy it had seemed very near to her, almost touching her. It had seemed as close as a star to the moon. Now it was again a green light on a dock. His count of enchanted objects had diminished by one.

I began to walk about the room, examining various indefinite objects in the half-darkness. A large photo­graph of an elderly man in yachting costume attracted me, hung on the wall over his desk.

“Who’s this?”

“That? That’s Mr. Dan Cody, old sport.”

The name sounded faintly familiar.

“He’s dead now. He used to be my best friend years ago.”

There was a small picture of Gatsby, also in yachting costume, on the bureau—Gatsby with his head thrown back defiantly—taken apparently when he was about eighteen.

“I adore it,” exclaimed Daisy. “The pompadour! You never told me you had a pompadour—or a yacht.”

“Look at this,” said Gatsby quickly. “Here’s a lot of clippings—about you.”

They stood side by side examining it. I was going to ask to see the rubies when the phone rang, and Gatsby took up the receiver.

“Yes. . . . Well, I can’t talk now. . . . I can’t talk now, old sport. . . . I said a small town. . . . He must know what a small town is. . . . Well, he’s no use to us if Detroit is his idea of a small town. . . .”

He rang off.

“Come here quick!” cried Daisy at the window.

The rain was still falling, but the darkness had parted in the west, and there was a pink and golden billow of foamy clouds above the sea.

“Look at that,” she whispered, and then after a mo­ment: “I’d like to just get one of those pink clouds and put you in it and push you around.”

I tried to go then, but they wouldn’t hear of it; per­haps my presence made them feel more satisfactorily alone.

“I know what we’ll do,” said Gatsby, “we’ll have Klipspringer play the piano.”

He went out of the room calling “Ewing!” and returned in a few minutes accompanied by an embarrassed, slightly worn young man, with shell-rimmed glasses and scanty blond hair. He was now decently clothed in a “sport-shirt,” open at the neck, sneakers, and duck trousers of a nebulous hue.

“Did we interrupt your exercises?” inquired Daisy politely.

“I was asleep,” cried Mr. Klipspringer, in a spasm of embarrassment. “That is, I’d been asleep. Then I got up. . . .”

“Klipspringer plays the piano,” said Gatsby, cutting him off. “Don’t you, Ewing, old sport?”

“I don’t play well. I don’t— I hardly play at all. I’m all out of prac——”

“We’ll go downstairs,” interrupted Gatsby. He flipped a switch. The gray windows disappeared as the house glowed full of light.

In the music-room Gatsby turned on a solitary lamp beside the piano. He lit Daisy’s cigarette from a trem­bling match, and sat down with her on a couch far across the room, where there was no light save what the gleaming floor bounced in from the hall.

When Klipspringer had played “The Love Nest” he turned around on the bench and searched unhappily for Gatsby in the gloom.

“I’m all out of practice, you see. I told you I couldn’t play. I’m all out of prac—­—”

“Don’t talk so much, old sport,” commanded Gatsby. “Play!”

“In the morning,
In the evening,
          Ain’t we got fun——”

Outside the wind was loud and there was a faint flow of thunder along the Sound. All the lights were going on in West Egg now; the electric trains, men­-carrying, were plunging home through the rain from New York. It was the hour of a profound human change, and excitement was generating on the air.

“One thing’s sure and nothings surer
The rich get richer and the poor get—children.
In the meantime,
In between time——”

As I went over to say good-by I saw that the ex­pression of bewilderment had come back into Gatsby’s face, as though a faint doubt had occurred to him as to the quality of his present happiness. Almost five years! There must have been moments even that afternoon when Daisy tumbled short of his dreams—not through her own fault, but because of the colossal vitality of his illusion. It had gone beyond her, beyond everything. He had thrown himself into it with a creative passion, adding to it all the time, decking it out with every bright feather that drifted his way. No amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man will store up in his ghostly heart.

As I watched him he adjusted himself a little, visibly. His hand took hold of hers, and as she said something low in his ear he turned toward her with a rush of emotion. I think that voice held him most, with its fluctuating, feverish warmth, because it couldn’t be over-dreamed—that voice was a deathless song.

They had forgotten me, but Daisy glanced up and held out her hand; Gatsby didn’t know me now at all. I looked once more at them and they looked back at me, remotely, possessed by intense life. Then I went out of the room and down the marble steps into the rain, leaving them there together.

Footnotes

  1. Daisy reacts to the pink and gold clouds much like Gatsby did to the green light at the end of her dock—she incorporates them into a romantic image. Pink is a color commonly associated with romance and sweetness, and gold invokes wealth and success. Interestingly, the fantasy Daisy describes is one in which she has control: she’s pushing the cloud on which Gatsby reclines.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  2. Klipspringer plays two popular songs, “The Love Nest” and “Ain’t We Got Fun,” that would have been recognizable to most 1920s readers. “The Love Nest” was written for the musical Mary and involves a young man who achieves the girl of his dreams after making his fortune. The song describes the merits of a simple home with “warmth and love inside,” elevating it over “a palace with a gilded dome” meant to show off one’s wealth. Klipspringer’s choice of music is inadvertently ironic, given that Gatsby is currently showing off his palatial—and, by implication, emotionally vacant—home to Daisy. “Ain’t We Got Fun” relates the conversations of a poor couple unconcerned by their circumstances: “Times are bum and getting bummer / Still we have fun.” Though musically upbeat and jaunty, the song’s lyrics make it more tonally ambiguous than the sentimental “The Love Nest”—the couple might be cheerfully resilient to the effects of their situation, or they might be sarcastic and bitter about the impossibility of upward mobility. Together, the two songs unsettle the romantic atmosphere Gatsby is trying to create by invoking the shallowness of his material success.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  3. Like rain, thunder has symbolic significance in the story, perhaps representing the challenges that Daisy and Gatsby will face now that they have seen each other. The thunder also supplies auditory imagery that creates a mixture of apprehension and excitement.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  4. The green light at the end of the Buchanans’ dock has been incredibly important to Gatsby since he moved to West Egg. It urges him to press on, as a green traffic light does for automobiles, in his pursuit of the American dream—which Daisy no doubt represents for him. However, Nick imagines that Gatsby gazes at the green light with a sense of loss, for its power as a symbol to him has “vanished forever” now that Daisy stands by his side.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  5. The rain that follows Daisy’s inspection of Gatsby’s mansion mirrors her tears, which came “stormily” while she examined Gatsby’s “beautiful shirts.” Rain perhaps forecasts difficulties in their relationship moving forward, especially relating to the problems that Daisy’s marriage will undoubtedly present if they intend to rekindle their romance. Functionally, however, it confines them within the cocoon of Gatsby’s house, separating them from the reality of the outside world and allowing Gatsby control over Daisy’s experience of him—for the time being.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  6. It seems ridiculous that Daisy is crying over Gatsby’s shirts, given that shirts are a relatively mundane thing to possess, and it falls to readers to decide why she’s reacting this way. Though Nick is willing to offer interpretations of Gatsby’s behavior and emotional state throughout this chapter, he doesn’t do the same for Daisy. Nick’s narrative objectification of Daisy, which is persistent throughout the novel, makes it easy to read her as a shallow and reactionary character who lacks interior life. In particular, her sudden outburst over Gatsby’s shirts could signify that she specifically values material goods. However, she could be feeling overwhelmed by the situation for any number of other reasons—the mundanity of shirts makes it unlikely that they’re what’s actually triggering her outburst. Nick’s failure to describe Daisy’s experience to the extent he does Gatsby’s should remind readers of the subjectivity of the narrative as a whole.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  7. Gatsby’s clumsiness and lack of control sharply contrast with his usual poise, which has been especially obvious when he is among the drunken guests at his parties. Nick’s interpretation of Gatsby here suggests that he is experiencing his own form of inebriation; in this case, he seems to be intoxicated by Daisy’s presence and the overwhelming thrill of believing that his fantasies are finally going to become a reality.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  8. Throughout Daisy’s visit, it appears to Nick that her presence—which is the reason Gatsby worked so hard for the past five years—renders Gatsby’s material possessions immaterial to him. They become more or less valuable depending on Daisy’s apparent appraisal, as though value itself shifts with perception. Moreover, Nick seems to think that Gatsby’s very persona, which has been tied to a show of wealth, is unraveling now that his dream appears to be coming true. The theme of reality versus illusion thus continues to develop throughout the chapter.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  9. The relative quiet that surrounds them is jarring to Nick, whose experience of Gatsby’s mansion has been dominated by boisterous weekend parties. This stark contrast marks a turning point in the story, for Gatsby has finally gotten Daisy’s attention—which was the entire point of having so many people in his house all the time. seems to meet her standards. However, the sounds of nature surrounding Gatsby’s mansion suggest an authenticity that is not rooted in performance, which perhaps represents Gatsby’s and Daisy’s love for each other.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  10. Light is an important motif throughout The Great Gatsby, and is especially significant during this first meeting between Gatsby and Daisy. Here, light’s meaning appears to be multifaceted. Where the front of his house “catches the light,” it represents the eye-catching showmanship of Gatsby and the apparent brightness of his future with Daisy. Here, the gleaming brass buttons on Daisy’s dress suggest that Gatsby’s idealistic view of her, as well as the value of her love and approval, have perhaps have perhaps made him see her as he wishes instead of who she is; the reflecting sunlight literally highlights her value as a prize to be won.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  11. Once again, Gatsby displays secretiveness about what he does for a living. Further, he appears to have slipped up on his claim that he inherited his money by bragging to Nick that he only took three years to make the money that paid for his mansion. Gatsby’s secretiveness, mysterious entrepreneurial endeavors, and connections with a man like Wolfshiem altogether insinuate that a good deal of the “easy money” available during the Roaring Twenties was acquired through corruption.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  12. The noun “vestige” refers to a hint or trace of something that is fading away or nearly gone. Any embarrassment from the beginning of the meeting has vanished.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  13. Serfdom was a position of indentured servitude in feudal Europe. Peasants—members of the working class who paid rent or tax to a feudal lord—who could not pay debts or taxes or who otherwise desired the lord’s protection could become serfs. Generally speaking, serfs lived and worked on the land of the feudal lord as opposed to maintaining distinct property and in some cases could be sold with the land on which they worked. Nick does not mean that Americans are literally serfs; however, he suggests that under the American capitalist system, individual workers are content to be treated as indentured servants as long as they don’t appear to be members of the lower class.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  14. The black wreath would have been hung on the front door as a symbol of mourning after the brewer’s death. The fact that Gatbsy, who has arrived at a pivotal moment for his dream of winning back Daisy’s love, lives in the same house suggests that Fitzgerald is foreshadowing a similar failure for his dream of establishing himself in society.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  15. Nick means that the brewer’s goal was to establish a sort of lineage for his family, thus making them part of the powerful “old money” class. The brewer’s plan is inspired by imagery of feudal society, which was organized into classes based on land ownership. The brewer would never have been part of the nobility; however, perhaps owing to his vision of the American dream and its fantasy of class ascension, he believed he could establish a family with superior status in the neighborhood.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  16. The “period” craze was a brief architectural trend in which houses were designed and built to resemble those that were popular during different historical periods. Gatsby’s house was constructed by a brewer who apparently wanted to recreate a feudal setting in which his house would be the castle overlooking a neighborhood of make-believe peasants living in thatch-roofed houses. Throughout The Great Gatsby, anecdotes like this both situate Nick in the culture of gossip he comes to resent and offer clues about how Fitzgerald wanted the narrative to be interpreted.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  17. Immanuel Kant (1724–1804) was a prominent German philosopher who would become a central figure in both modern Western philosophy and Enlightenment thinking. He made great strides in the areas of empiricism and rationalism and argued that human reason guides moral law and that anything built upon the foundation of human understanding is true—even science and religion, which often contradict each other. Nick’s likening himself to “Kant at his church steeple” alludes to the rumor that Kant developed his philosophies while staring at the church steeple outside his window; Fitzgerald perhaps means to show the degree to which Nick is being philosophically influenced by Gatsby or to remind readers of Kant’s belief that a person (here, Nick) can only know that which he himself experiences.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  18. Sir Henry Clay (1883–1954) was a British economist and Oxford alumnus who eventually served as the Warden of Nuffield College at Oxford University. Economics, an Introduction for the General Reader is an introductory economics book published in 1916. It was praised for its style and accessibility, and was popular in the United States as well as the United Kingdom.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  19. Gatsby’s gesture is likely intended as genuine kindness, but it hints once more that he is extending hospitality in a transactional way; he seems to believe that, like the police commissioner, Nick will be more cooperative if he is given a favor. The confidential nature of Gatsby’s invitation insinuates that, as was suggested during lunch with Wolfshiem, his wealth was built on corruption.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  20. Coney Island is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Brooklyn. It has been a place of entertainment since the mid-19th century, when it was made into a seaside resort, and by the 1920s it was the location of several amusement parks. Gatsby’s invitation forms a sharp contrast to Nick’s mention of the World’s Fair—while both the World’s Fair and Coney Island could be called amusement parks, the World’s Fair carries connotations of culture and education as well. Coney Island, on the other hand (and especially at two in the morning), connotes seediness and entertainment for entertainment’s sake.

    — Owl Eyes Editors
  21. A world’s fair is an international exhibition of different countries’ great achievements in science, technology, and the arts. They have been held since the mid-19th century. Each fair is different and usually lasts for at least several months. Nick’s comparing Gatsby’s house to “the World’s Fair” elevates it to the level of a massive spectacle—one of the major attractions at the Pan-American Exposition of 1901 was its electric illumination. It indicates not only how bright the lights in Gatsby’s house are shining, but also that on some level Gatsby is showcasing himself and his possessions as a major city showcases its great accomplishments.

    — Owl Eyes Editors