Act III - Scene IV

Olivia's garden.

[Enter Olivia and Maria.]

OLIVIA:
[Aside] I have sent after him: he says he'll come;
How shall I feast him? what bestow on him?
For youth is bought more oft than begg'd or borrow'd.
I speak too loud.
[to Maria] Where's Malvolio? he is sad and civil,(5)
And suits well for a servant with my fortunes:
Where is Malvolio?

[Enter Malvolio.]

MARIA:
He's coming, madam; but in very strange manner. He is,
sure possessed, madam.
OLIVIA:
Why, what's the matter? does he rave?(10)
MARIA:
No, madam, he does nothing but smile: your ladyship
were best to have some guard about you, if he come; for,
sure, the man is tainted in his wits.
OLIVIA:
Go call him hither. [Exit Maria.] I'm as mad as he,
If sad and merry madness equal be.(15)
How now, Malvolio?


[Enter Malvolio, with Maria.]

MALVOLIO:
Sweet lady, ho, ho.
OLIVIA:
Smil'st thou? I sent for thee upon a sad occasion.
MALVOLIO:
Sad, lady? I could be sad: this does make some
obstruction in the blood, this cross-gartering; but what of(20)
that? If it please the eye of one, it is with me as the very true
sonnet is, ‘Please one and please all.’
OLIVIA:
Why, how dost thou, man? what is the matter with
thee?
MALVOLIO:
Not black in my mind, though yellow in my legs. It(25)
did come to his hands, and commands shall be executed: I
think we do know the sweet Roman hand.
OLIVIA:
Wilt thou go to bed, Malvolio?
MALVOLIO:
To bed? ‘Ay, sweetheart, and I'll come to thee.’
OLIVIA:
God comfort thee! Why dost thou smile so, and kiss thy(30)
hand so oft?
MARIA:
How do you, Malvolio?
MALVOLIO:
At your request? yes; nightingales answer daws.
MARIA:
Why appear you with this ridiculous boldness before(35)
my lady?
MALVOLIO:
‘Be not afraid of greatness:’ 'twas well writ.
OLIVIA:
What meanest thou by that, Malvolio?
MALVOLIO:
‘Some are born great,’—
OLIVIA:
Ha?(40)
MALVOLIO:
‘Some achieve greatness,’—
OLIVIA:
What say'st thou?
MALVOLIO:
‘And some have greatness thrust upon them.’
OLIVIA:
Heaven restore thee!
MALVOLIO:
‘Remember who commended thy yellow(45)
stockings,’—
OLIVIA:
‘Thy yellow stockings’?
MALVOLIO:
‘And wished to see thee cross-gartered.’
OLIVIA:
‘Cross-gartered’?
MALVOLIO:
‘Go to, thou an made, if thou desirest to be so:’—(50)
OLIVIA:
Am I made?
MALVOLIO:
‘If not, let me see thee a servant still.’
OLIVIA:
Why, this is very midsummer madness.

[Enter Servant.]

SERVANT:
Madam, the young gentleman of the Count Orsino's
is returned: I could hardly entreat him back: he attends(55)
your ladyship's pleasure.
OLIVIA:
I'll come to him.

[Exit Servant.]


Good Maria, let this fellow be looked to. Where's my
cousin Toby? Let some of my people have a special care
of him: I would not have him miscarry for the half of my(60)
dowry.

[Exit Olivia and Maria.]

MALVOLIO:
O, ho! do you come near me now? No worse man
than Sir Toby to look to me! This concurs directly with
the letter: she sends him on purpose, that I may appear
stubborn to him; for she incites me to that in the letter.(65)
‘Cast thy humble slough,’ says she; ‘be opposite with a
kinsman, surly with servants; let thy tongue tang with
arguments of state; put thyself into the trick of singularity';
and consequently sets down the manner how; as, a
sad face, a reverend carriage, a slow tongue, in the habit(70)
of some sir of note, and so forth. I have limed her;
but it is Jove's doing, and Jove make me thankful! And,
when she went away now, ‘Let this fellow be looked to’:
Fellow! not Malvolio, nor after my degree, but fellow. Why,
everything adheres together, that no dram of a scruple, no(75)
scruple of a scruple, no obstacle, no incredulous or unsafe
circumstance—What can be said? Nothing that can be, can
come between me and the full prospect of my hopes. Well,
Jove, not I, is the doer of this, and he is to be thanked.

[Enter Sir Toby, Fabian, and Maria.]

SIR TOBY:
Which way is he, in the name of sanctity? If all the(80)
devils of hell be drawn in little, and Legion himself possessed
him, yet I'll speak to him.
FABIAN:
Here he is, here he is. How is't with you, sir? how is't
with you, man?
MALVOLIO:
Go off; I discard you: let me enjoy my private. Go(85)
off.
MARIA:
Lo, how hollow the fiend speaks within him! did not I
tell you? Sir Toby, my lady prays you to have a care of him.
MALVOLIO:
Ah, ha! does she so?
SIR TOBY:
Go to, go to; peace, peace; we must deal gently with(90)
him: let me alone. How do you, Malvolio? how is't with you?
What, man! defy the devil: consider, he's an enemy to
mankind.
MALVOLIO:
Do you know what you say?
MARIA:
La you, an you speak ill of the devil, how he takes it at(95)
heart! Pray God, he be not bewitched!
FABIAN:
Carry his water to the wise woman.
MARIA:
Marry, and it shall be done tomorrow morning, if I live.
My lady would not lose him for more than I'll say.
MALVOLIO:
How now, mistress!(100)
MARIA:
O Lord!
SIR TOBY:
Prithee, hold thy peace; this is not the way: do you not
see you move him? let me alone with him.
FABIAN:
No way but gentleness; gently, gently: the fiend is rough,
and will not be roughly used.(105)
SIR TOBY:
Why, how now, my bawcock? how dost thou,
chuck.
MALVOLIO:
Sir!
SIR TOBY:
Ay, Biddy, come with me. What, man! 'tis not for
gravity to play at cherry-pit with Satan: hang him, foul(110)
collier!
MARIA:
Get him to say his prayers, good Sir Toby, get him to
pray.
MALVOLIO:
My prayers, minx!
MARIA:
No, I warrant you, he will not hear of godliness.(115)
MALVOLIO:
Go, hang yourselves all! you are idle shallow
things: I am not of your element. You shall know more
hereafter.

[Exit Malvolio.]

SIR TOBY:
Is't possible?
FABIAN:
If this were played upon a stage now, I could condemn(120)
it as an improbable fiction.
SIR TOBY:
His very genius hath taken the infection of the
device, man.
MARIA:
Nay, pursue him now; lest the device take air and(125)
taint.
FABIAN:
Why, we shall make him mad indeed.
MARIA:
The house will be the quieter.
SIR TOBY:
Come, we'll have him in a dark room and bound.
My niece is already in the belief that he's mad; we may
carry it thus, for our pleasure and his penance, till our(130)
very pastime, tired out of breath, prompt us to have
mercy on him: at which time we will bring the device to
the bar, and crown thee for a finder of madmen. But
see, but see.

[Enter Sir Andrew.]

FABIAN:
More matter for a May morning.(135)
SIR ANDREW:
Here's the challenge, read it. I warrant there's
vinegar and pepper in't.
FABIAN:
Is't so saucy?
SIR ANDREW:
Ay, is't, I warrant him: do but read.
SIR TOBY:
Give me. [Reads]‘Youth, whatsoever thou(140)
art, thou art but a scurvy fellow.’
FABIAN:
Good and valiant.
SIR TOBY:
[Reads] ‘Wonder not, nor admire not in thy mind,
why I do call thee so, for I will show thee no reason for't.’
FABIAN:
A good note; that keeps you from the blow of the(145)
law.
SIR TOBY:
[Reads] ‘Thou comest to the Lady Olivia, and in my
sight she uses thee kindly: but thou liest in thy throat; that
is not the matter I challenge thee for.’
FABIAN:
Very brief, and to exceeding good sense [aside]—less.(150)
SIR TOBY:
[Reads] ‘I will waylay thee going home; where if it be thy
chance to kill me,’—
FABIAN:
Good.
SIR TOBY:
[Reads] ‘Thou killest me like a rogue and a villain.’
FABIAN:
Still you keep o' the windy side of the law. Good.(155)
SIR TOBY:
[Reads] ‘Fare thee well; and God have mercy upon one
of our souls! He may have mercy upon mine; but my hope is
better, and so look to thyself. Thy friend, as thou usest him, and
thy sworn enemy,
Andrew Aguecheek.’(160)
If this letter move him not, his legs cannot: I'll give't him.
MARIA:
You may have very fit occasion for't; he is now in some
commerce with my lady, and will by and by depart.
SIR TOBY:
Go, Sir Andrew; scout me for him at the corner of the
orchard, like a bum-baily: so soon as ever thou seest him,(165)
draw; and, as thou drawest, swear horrible; for it comes to
pass oft that a terrible oath, with a swaggering accent sharply
twanged off, gives manhood more approbation than ever
proof itself would have earned him. Away!
SIR ANDREW:
Nay, let me alone for swearing.(170)

[Exit Sir Andrew.]

SIR TOBY:
Now will not I deliver his letter: for the behaviour
of the young gentleman gives him out to be of good capacity
and breeding; his employment between his lord and my
niece confirms no less; therefore, this letter, being so excellently
ignorant, will breed no terror in the youth: he will find(175)
it comes from a clodpole. But, sir, I will deliver his challenge
by word of mouth; set upon Aguecheek notable report
of valour, and drive the gentleman, as I know his youth will
aptly receive it, into a most hideous opinion of his rage, skill,
fury, and impetuosity. This will so fright them both that they(180)
will kill one another by the look, like cockatrices.

[Enter Olivia and Viola.]

FABIAN:
Here he comes with your niece: give them way till he
take leave, and presently after him.
SIR TOBY:
I will meditate the while upon some horrid message for
a challenge.(185)

[Exeunt Sir Toby, Fabian, and Maria.]

OLIVIA:
I have said too much unto a heart of stone
And laid mine honour too unchary on't:
There's something in me that reproves my fault;
But such a headstrong potent fault it is,
That it but mocks reproof.(190)
VIOLA:
With the same 'havior that your passion bears
Goes on my master's grief.
OLIVIA:
Here, wear this jewel for me, 'tis my picture;
Refuse it not; it hath no tongue to vex you;
And, I beseech you, come again tomorrow.(195)
What shall you ask of me that I'll deny,
That honour, saved, may upon asking give?
VIOLA:
Nothing but this; your true love for my master.
OLIVIA:
How with mine honour may I give him that
Which I have given to you?(200)
VIOLA:
I will acquit you.
OLIVIA:
Well, come again tomorrow. Fare thee well;
A fiend like thee might bear my soul to hell.

[Exit Olivia. Enter Toby and Fabian]

SIR TOBY:
Gentleman, God save thee.
VIOLA:
And you, sir.(205)
SIR TOBY:
That defence thou hast, betake thee to't. Of what
nature the wrongs are thou hast done him, I know not;
but thy intercepter, full of despite, bloody as the hunter,
attends thee at the orchard end: dismount thy tuck, be
yare in thy preparation, for thy assailant is quick, skilful,(210)
and deadly.
VIOLA:
You mistake, sir; I am sure no man hath any quarrel
to me: my remembrance is very free and clear from any
image of offence done to any man.
SIR TOBY:
You'll find it otherwise, I assure you: therefore, if(215)
you hold your life at any price, betake you to your guard;
for your opposite hath in him what youth, strength, skill,
and wrath can furnish man withal.
VIOLA:
I pray you, sir, what is he?
SIR TOBY:
He is knight, dubbed with unhatched rapier and on(220)
carpet consideration; but he is a devil in private brawl:
souls and bodies hath he divorced three; and his incensement
at this moment is so implacable, that satisfaction
can be none but by pangs of death and sepulchre.
Hob, nob is his word; give't or take't.(225)
VIOLA:
I will return again into the house and desire some conduct
of the lady. I am no fighter. I have heard of some
kind of men that put quarrels purposely on others to taste
their valour: belike this is a man of that quirk.
SIR TOBY:
Sir, no; his indignation derives itself out of a very(230)
competent injury; therefore, get you on and give him his
desire. Back you shall not to the house, unless you undertake
that with me which with as much safety you might
answer him: therefore, on, or strip your sword stark
naked; for meddle you must, that's certain, or forswear to(235)
wear iron about you.
VIOLA:
This is as uncivil as strange. I beseech you, do me this
courteous office, as to know of the knight what my offence
to him is: it is something of my negligence, nothing of my
purpose.(240)
SIR TOBY:
I will do so. Signior Fabian, stay you by this gentleman
till my return.

[Exit Sir Toby.]

VIOLA:
Pray you, sir, do you know of this matter?
FABIAN:
I know the knight is incensed against you, even to
a mortal arbitrement; but nothing of the circumstance(245)
more.
VIOLA:
I beseech you, what manner of man is he?
FABIAN:
Nothing of that wonderful promise, to read him by
his form, as you are like to find him in the proof of his
valour. He is indeed, sir, the most skilful, bloody, and fatal(250)
opposite that you could possibly have found in any part of
Illyria. Will you walk towards him? I will make your peace
with him if I can.
VIOLA:
I shall be much bound to you for't. I am one that would
rather go with sir priest than sir knight: I care not who(255)
knows so much of my mettle.

[Exit Viola and Fabian. Enter Toby and Andrew.]

SIR TOBY:
Why, man, he's a very devil; I have not seen such a
virago. I had a pass with him, rapier, scabbard, and all,
and he gives me the stuck-in with such a mortal motion,
that it is inevitable; and on the answer, he pays you as(260)
surely as your feet hit the ground they step on. They say he
has been fencer to the Sophy.
SIR ANDREW:
Pox on't, I'll not meddle with him.
SIR TOBY:
Ay, but he will not now be pacified: Fabian can scarce
hold him yonder.(265)
SIR ANDREW:
Plague on't, an I thought he had been valiant, and
so cunning in fence, I'd have seen him damned ere I'd
have challenged him. Let him let the matter slip, and I'll
give him my horse grey Capilet.
SIR TOBY:
I'll make the motion: stand here, make a good(270)
show on't: this shall end without the perdition of souls.
[Aside.] Marry, I'll ride your horse as well as I ride you.

[Enter Fabian and Viola.]


[Aside to Fabian] I have his horse to take up the quarrel:
I have persuaded him the youth's a devil.
FABIAN:
He is as horribly conceited of him; and pants and(275)
looks pale, as if a bear were at his heels.
SIR TOBY:
[To Viola] There's no remedy, sir; he will fight with
you for's oath sake: marry, he hath better bethought
him of his quarrel, and he finds that now scarce to be
worth talking of: therefore draw, for the supportance of(280)
his vow; he protests he will not hurt you.
VIOLA:
[Aside] Pray God defend me! A little thing would
make me tell them how much I lack of a man.
FABIAN:
Give ground, if you see him furious.
SIR TOBY:
Come, Sir Andrew, there's no remedy; the gentleman(285)
will, for his honour's sake, have one bout with you;
he cannot by the duello avoid it; but he has promised
me, as he is a gentleman and a soldier, he will not hurt
you. Come on: to't.
SIR ANDREW:
Pray God, he keep his oath!(290)


[Enter Antonio.]

VIOLA:
I do assure you 'tis against my will. [They draw.]
ANTONIO:
Put up your sword. If this young gentleman
Have done offence, I take the fault on me:
If you offend him, I for him defy you.
SIR TOBY:
You, sir! why, what are you?(295)
ANTONIO:
One, sir, that for his love dares yet do more
Than you have heard him brag to you he will.
SIR TOBY:
Nay, if you be an undertaker, I am for you. [They draw.]

[Enter Officers.]

FABIAN:
O good Sir Toby, hold! here come the officers.
SIR TOBY:
[To Antonio.] I'll be with you anon. [steps aside to avoid the Officers](300)


VIOLA:
[To Sir Andrew.] Pray, sir, put your sword up, if you
please.


SIR ANDREW:
Marry, will I, sir; and, for that I promised you,
I'll be as good as my word: he will bear you easily and reins
well.(305)
FIRST OFFICER:
This is the man; do thy office.
SECOND OFFICER:
Antonio, I arrest thee at the suit of Count
Orsino.
ANTONIO:
You do mistake me, sir.
FIRST OFFICER:
No, sir, no jot. I know your favour well,(310)
Though now you have no sea-cap on your head.
Take him away: he knows I know him well.
ANTONIO:
I must obey. [To Viola.] This comes with seeking
you:
But there's no remedy; I shall answer it.(315)
What will you do, now my necessity
Makes me to ask you for my purse? It grieves me
Much more for what I cannot do for you
Than what befalls myself. You stand amazed;
But be of comfort.(320)
SECOND OFFICER:
Come, sir, away.
ANTONIO:
[To Viola.] I must entreat of you some of that money.


VIOLA:
What money, sir?
For the fair kindness you have show'd me here,
And, part, being prompted by your present trouble,(325)
Out of my lean and low ability
I'll lend you something: my having is not much;
I'll make division of my present with you:
Hold, there is half my coffer.
ANTONIO:
Will you deny me now?(330)
Is't possible that my deserts to you
Can lack persuasion? Do not tempt my misery,
Lest that it make me so unsound a man
As to upbraid you with those kindnesses
That I have done for you.(335)
VIOLA:
I know of none,
Nor know I you by voice or any feature:
I hate ingratitude more in a man
Than lying, vainness, babbling, drunkenness,
Or any taint of vice whose strong corruption(340)
Inhabits our frail blood.
ANTONIO:
O heavens themselves!
SECOND OFFICER:
Come, sir, I pray you go.
ANTONIO:
Let me speak a little. This youth that you see here
I snatch'd one half out of the jaws of death,(345)
Relieved him with such sanctity of love,
And to his image, which methought did promise
Most venerable worth, did I devotion.
FIRST OFFICER:
What's that to us? The time goes by: away!
ANTONIO:
But O how vile an idol proves this god!(350)
Thou hast, Sebastian, done good feature shame.
In nature there's no blemish but the mind;
None can be call'd deform'd but the unkind:
Virtue is beauty, but the beauteous evil
Are empty trunks, o'erflourished by the devil.(355)
FIRST OFFICER:
The man grows mad; away with him. Come,
come, sir.
ANTONIO:
Lead me on.

[Exit Antonio and Officers.]

VIOLA:
[Aside] Methinks his words do from such passion
fly(360)
That he believes himself: so do not I.
Prove true, imagination, O, prove true,
That I, dear brother, be now ta'en for you!


SIR TOBY:
Come hither, knight; come hither, Fabian: we'll
whisper o'er a couplet or two of most sage saws.(365)
VIOLA:
He named Sebastian: I my brother know
Yet living in my glass; even such and so
In favour was my brother; and he went
Still in this fashion, colour, ornament,
For him I imitate: O, if it prove,(370)
Tempests are kind and salt waves fresh in love!

[Exit Viola.]

SIR TOBY:
A very dishonest paltry boy, and
more a coward than a hare: his dishonesty appears in
leaving his friend here in necessity and denying him; and
for his cowardship, ask Fabian.(375)


FABIAN:
A coward, a most devout coward, religious in it.
SIR ANDREW:
'Slid, I'll after him again and beat him.
SIR TOBY:
Do; cuff him soundly, but never draw thy sword.
SIR ANDREW:
And I do not,—
FABIAN:
Come, let's see the event.(380)
SIR TOBY:
I dare lay any money 'twill be nothing yet.

[Exit Sir Toby and Fabian.]

Footnotes

  1. Similar to the common curse ‘Slight (meaning “God’s Light), this is an abbreviation for “By God’s eyelid.” These curses, while common at the time, show the base manners these characters have.

    — Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
  2. Here, Antonio remarks on the cruelty in beauty. It looks like virtue, but it can give a false impression of an evil interior. The theme of performance and disguise resurfaces here to show that love based on looks is folly: looks can be deceiving.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  3. Remember that Viola and Sebastian are twins. Antonio enters the scene and believes that Viola is Sebastian. He steps into the fight on Sebastian’s behalf because he swore to protect him.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  4. “Virago” is a term that is applied to women who act like men. It means to be virile. Sir Toby calls Cesario a virago in order to mock his masculinity and mock Sir Andrew for not knowing the meaning of the word. However, he does not realize that he is speaking to an actual virago since Viola is a woman dressed like a man.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  5. Toby tells Cesario that Sir Andrew is a knight in order to scare him. The audience knows that Sir Andrew is an innocuous fool. However, his title is enough to scare Cesario. This reinforces the importance of titles and social positions in this play.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  6. By this Olivia means that Cesario’s behavior is similar to a demon or a hell hound. Notice that her grief over Cesario’s rejection is similar to Orsino’s melodramatic pose of love for Olivia.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  7. In this line, Fabian mocks Sir Andrew with praise. He says that it is “good” that Sir Andrew has included this bit because if Cesario kills him Andrew will still be on the right side of the law. This seems like a silly thing to care about if one is dead.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  8. Fabian remarks that Sir Andrew is smart because the vagueness of his letter will keep him from “the blow of the Law.” By this Fabian means that writing anything more particular would make Andrew liable for slander.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  9. This was a colloquial way of saying, “here is someone else that we can play with.” By this he means Sir Andrew.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  10. This speech could be a self-referential moment in which Shakespeare comments on the theater. Just as Toby and Fabian trick Malvolio into acting like a fool for their “pleasure,” theater-goers watch unfortunate characters live out unfortunate fates to pass the time. Our pleasure is their penance and the audience is no better than the manipulative characters on stage.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  11. By “element” Malvolio suggests that he is made of better stuff than these people. Malvolio again transgresses the social order: he believes his actions and the substance of his character elevates him above Toby, Fabian, and Maria. However, the social caste system of Early Modern England was determined by birth, not character. Thus, Malvolio is punished for trying to subvert the social order.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  12. A “bawcock” was a type of handsome rooster. Toby mocks Malvolio with this term of endearment because he compares him to a barnyard animal.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  13. Though Maria wrote the letter that convinced Malvolio to act like a fool, Fabian, and Maria all perform ignorance in this scene. Their performance is a type of deception that causes Malvolio to appear possessed.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  14. Jove was the king of the gods, also known as Jupiter. Malvolio invokes divine will here to justify his actions and his socially ambitious pursuits. Though he was not born to Olivia’s class, Jove willed that she fall in love with him, which makes his transgression in the social order valid.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  15. Olivia tells Maria to lock Malvolio up because of his madness and forward advances. Malvolio is punished because he overtly tries to subvert the social order. He gives a “bad performance” of love and his audience punishes him for it.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  16. “Midsummer madness” is a sudden and unexplainable fit of insanity. It was believed that the midsummer moon would cause sudden madness.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  17. Notice that Malvolio trusts the writing more than he does Olivia’s spoken words. In this scene, she is very obviously surprised and disgusted by Malvolio’s actions. However, because Malvolio read “her words,” he ignores the social cues that contradict the letter. Once again, writing is shown to be the most influential ruler of human action and emotion.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  18. Malvolio misinterprets Olivia’s suggestion that he “go to bed.” She means he should lie down because he is sick, but he thinks she has asked him to go to bed with her. Notice that the multiple meanings of words here allow these two characters to drastically misinterpret each other.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  19. Notice again that there is a fine line between foolishness and wittiness. Maria suggests in this line that Malvolio’s wits have spoiled his mind and driven him mad.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  20. After fearing that Maria has overheard her, Olivia says that she needs Malvolio, a servant who will be sad and civil. Remember that Olivia has vowed to mourn for her brother for seven years. She wants Malvolio because she believes his demeanor will restore her somber persona.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  21. "Hob, nob" is Sir Toby's adaptation of the then popular phrase "hab nab." "Hab" was a shortened and colloquial way to say have, while "nab" meant not. Thus "Hab nab" was a way to say "have not," much like we might say "willy nilly" ("will I, nill I"). By this line, Sir Toby means, "have or don't have" a fight with him; give a stab or take a stab. Shakespeare's take on this saying replaced the original form and eventually came to mean to fraternize, as it does today.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
  22. With these lines, Fabian draws attention to the reality that he exists within a play: Malvolio too quickly bought into the trick being played on him. Theater in Shakespeare's time followed Aristotelian guidelines. Aristotle claimed that in order to create a good comedy, the audience had to believe that the action occurring on stage could occur in real life. The joke played on Malvolio, and Malvolio's unrealistic gullibility, make it so that Shakespeare's fiction defies Aristotelian rules for drama. However, in drawing attention to this "improbable fiction," Shakespeare demonstrates to the audience that the "bad drama" is intentional, therefore making it comedic rather than erroneous.

    — Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff