Act I - Scene I
[Rome. A Street.] |
Enter Flavius, Marullus, and certain Commoners over the stage. |
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Exeunt. |
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
By the end of the scene, what has not been established through the characters of Flavius and Marullus?
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Which figures of speech are found in this passage?
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
How does Marullus seem to feel as he addresses the commoners?
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
How does the Cobbler's tone change at this point in his conversation with Flavius?
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— Zachary, Owl Eyes Editor
Flavius’s metaphor here of Caesar as a bird is likely a reference to the “Aquila,” the eagle the Romans used to symbolize their military might. If Caesar is the eagle, the people in support of him are his feathers. According to Flavius, the key to toppling Caesar lies in drawing the public away from him. We see again the importance of the public’s approval in the complex political landscape of the play.
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— Zachary, Owl Eyes Editor
Marullus’s opinions about Caesar clue us into the play’s intense interest in political rhetoric. Indeed, Julius Caesar is more a character spoken about than a character who speaks. Caesar’s standing as a ruler, first introduced in this moment, remains a central topic of debate throughout the play. Class distinction is a key element here. In this scene, we see Marullus the tribune swaying the common cobbler. The play contains many more instances of politicians convincing the public of their views.
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— Zachary, Owl Eyes Editor
Lupercalia was an ancient Roman festival held in mid-February to celebrate the beginning of Spring. The festival honors Rome’s foundation story as well. The Lupercal is the mythical cave in which the she-wolf Lupa raised Romulus and Remus. There is a thematic analogy at play here. Shakespeare draws attention to the founding of Rome at the play’s beginning before showing us the fall of the Roman Republic and the dawn of the Roman Empire.
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— Zachary, Owl Eyes Editor
The date: February 15th, 44 BCE. Julius Caesar takes place at the end of the Roman Republic and the dawn of the Roman Empire. In the decade before the events of the play, a trio of men referred to as the “Triumvirate” came to power: Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great and Marcus Linius Crassus. In 53 BCE, Crassus died and tensions arose between Caesar and Pompey. In 49 BCE, while Caesar was campaigning abroad, Pompey attempted to strip Caesar of power. This sparked a civil war. By 44 BCE, Pompey and his generals had been killed, leaving Caesar as Rome’s sole ruler. Caesar’s enemies feared he might override the Republican system and become a dictator. So begins Shakespeare’s play.
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— Olivia Connelly
The exchange between Marullus, Flavius, and the Cobbler is meant to be comical and ironic. Shakespeare uses the puns "cobbler," "awl" and "soles" to make fun of Marullus and Flavius' characters.
They interrogate the cobbler on the street and treat him as a simpleton because they believe the cobbler (a shoemaker) is calling himself a "bungler" or idiot. But the cobbler has a joke at their expense claiming to be a "mender of soles" which Flavius and Marullus interpret to mean he mends "souls." The cobbler goes on to say that he lives by "with the awl," which is a reference to his cobbler's tools, but once again Flavius and Marullus misinterpret his statement to mean that the cobbler is with the "all."
This is a prime example of verbal irony because the cobbler uses sarcasm, saying one thing and meaning another, and as a result, Marullus and Flavius look like the fools rather than the cobbler and other common people.
This exchange has an impact on Marullus and Flavius' purpose in the Act. Their intent is to shame the public because of their fickleness and willingness to celebrate Caesar when they once were loyal to Pompey. As a result, the crowd (and audience) do not heed them and are not afraid of them when they question the crowds' loyalty and character.
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— Susan Hurn
The immediate, unflattering reference to the commoners as "idle creatures" is significant because it introduces a motif that will be developed throughout the play--that commoners, especially when assembled in large numbers, are not worthy of respect. The contempt Flavius and Marullus feel for the commoners will be expressed again, in different situations and in different ways, by several other characters in the play.