Act II - Scene I
Another part of the island. |
[Enter Alonso, Sebastian, Antonio, Gonzalo, Adrian, and Francisco] |
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[Enter Ariel, invisible, playing solemn music] |
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[All sleep except Alonso, Sebastian, and Antonio] |
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[Alonso sleeps. Exit Ariel] |
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[They talk apart] |
[Enter Ariel, invisible, with music and song] |
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[Exeunt all but Ariel] |
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[Exit] |
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Antonio's claim that "what's past is prologue" is one of Shakespeare's more memorable quotes. In addition to saying that what has happened in the past provides a foreground for the future, this line is also an example of metadrama, meaning that characters in a play discuss their situation as if they were in a theatre. In this way, Antonio views himself as a playwright, manipulating events and people to gain power. This is very similar to his brother’s orchestrations with the storm and commands to Ariel; however, as we will see, Prospero has the real power of storyteller in The Tempest.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
Gonzalo imagines a kind of utopian society in which everyone is equal, no one has to work, and there is no conflict. On the one hand, Gonzalo’s ideal world highlights his fair and honorable nature: Gonzalo is not hungry for power and does not wish to enslave people, unlike many other characters in the play. However, Gonzalo’s vision is reminiscent of the larger colonial narrative of the time: to discover a rich, abundant island and govern it as one sees best. European colonizers had a similar way of thinking, which ultimately meant that the native populations were oppressed and enslaved, as the colonizers attempted to create their ideal nations. Gonzalo’s dream society may seem wonderful, but the reality of it is problematic.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Having told Sebastian that with Ferdinand’s death Sebastian is now the heir to the throne of Naples, Antonio claims in this passage that the tempest has provided them with an opportunity to gain more power. His speech reveals his cunning and persuasiveness that he used to betray Prospero before because he avoids telling Sebastian to murder Alonso directly, preferring to plan the idea in Sebastian’s mind to convey the notion that everything is a part of his fate.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
A “spendthrift” is a person who spends money profusely or wastefully. To say that Gonzalo is a spendthrift “of his tongue” is to say that he talks too much. Antonio and Sebastian mock Gonzalo for his optimistic attempts to comfort Alonso, which further characterizes Gonzalo as friendly and compassionate in comparison to Antonio and Sebastian.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Ariel has put most of the men to sleep, and during this time Antonio has revealed his plan to murder Alonso and make Sebastian King of Naples. Antonio encourages Sebastian to carry out the plan by referring to his own power grab when he got rid of Prospero and took the title of Duke of Milan for himself. When Sebastian asks if Antonio has any qualms about having done this, Antonio states that "twenty consciences" would “melt ere they molest,” meaning that he has absolutely no remorse. Such a claim reveals Antonio to be a villain with few complications to his character beyond a shameless and simply desire to acquire as much power as possible for himself. The acquisition and perpetuation of power is a theme throughout the play, and Antonio’s ambition provides an example of power taken by force and violence.
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— Kayla, Owl Eyes Staff
In Greek legend, Dido was the first queen and founder of Carthage, an ancient city-state in northern Africa. At the time that Dido is first introduced in Virgil’s Aeneid her husband Sychaeus has already died, which is why the characters refer to her as the “Widow Dido.”
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Antonio reminds Sebastian that he has performed a similar power grab before when he took his brother Prospero's title of Duke of Milan. When asked if his conscience is troubled by ousting Prospero, Antonio asks Sebastian to look at how well his clothing fits him. Since clothing is often used as a symbol to reflect station, Antonio’s boast reveals that he has no problems with having taken power by force from his brother.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Antonio and Sebastian continue to mock Gonzalo and Adrian throughout this passage by either making puns or misrepresenting the words spoken. In this case, Antonio and Sebastian contradict Gonzalo and Adrian’s observation that this island is lovely, but suggesting that the air is foul as if it smelled like a “fen,” or swamp.
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— Jane, Owl Eyes Staff
Antonio’s “what’s past is prologue” translates to the idea that what has occurred sets the scene for the main action or details that are “to come.” More importantly, Antonio believes that he and Sebastian can control the events that will unfold. He attempts to persuade Sebastian to murder his sleeping father, Alonso, the King of Naples, so that Sebastian can take the kingship.