Act I - Scene IV
[Forres. The palace.] |
Flourish. Enter King [Duncan], Lennox, Malcolm, Donalbain, and Attendants. |
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Enter Macbeth, Banquo, Ross, and Angus. |
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Exit. |
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Flourish. Exeunt. |
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— Alexa Baird
Which of the following BEST describes Duncan's attitude toward Macbeth in Act 1, Scene 4?
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Macbeth asks the stars to not shine light on his black (evil) desires, because he does not want the world to know of the terrible things that he is planning. Notice how the witches' prophesy has affected events: Duncan confirms Macbeth's new title, but Macbeth is denied the throne despite Duncan saying how he can never repay Macbeth for his service. Macbeth is now considering the crime he would have to commit to realize his ambition to become king.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Macbeth has realized that with Malcolm next in line to the throne, he can either "fall down" by doing nothing and let Malcolm become king, or he can "o'erleap" and take matters into his own hands to become king himself.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Duncan has named his son Malcolm as the Prince of Cumberland. This makes Malcolm next in line to the throne after Duncan, which is important because in medieval Scotland, the firstborn son did not automatically become heir to the throne. Notice how Macbeth reacts to this news in an aside to himself momentarily.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
In other words, Duncan is saying that he wishes Macbeth had done something less heroic and deserving. This is not meant as an insult; rather, Duncan wishes that had this happened, his inadequate payment would have been better matched to Macbeth's deeds. Duncan feels as if he can't ever repay Macbeth for what he's done.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Duncan is saying that one cannot tell someone's true nature by examining their face. This is an example of dramatic irony because he is talking about the traitorous Thane of Cawdor just as Macbeth, the new Thane of Cawdor, comes into the room to greet him. This is ironic because Macbeth ultimately betrays Duncan.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Malcolm, Duncan's son, reports on the execution. At the time Macbeth was written, prisoners who confessed to their crimes and pledged loyalty to the king at the last minute were sometimes rewarded with pardon. The Thane of Cawdor, however, does not survive, in spite of confessing his treasons, imploring the King's pardon, and showing a deep repentance. This demonstrates the seriousness of the crime of treason against the King in the story.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Here, this word means a fanfare, or a short piece of music played loudly by trumpets to announce that someone is arriving. In this case, the flourish is reserved for the entrance of the king.
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— William Delaney
Duncan is in effect saying that he owes more to Macbeth than he could repay even if he gave him his crown and his entire kingdom. It also might be interpreted as an acknowledgement that Macbeth deserves to be king because of his achievements. Such praise potentially plants a suggestion in Macbeth's mind that reinforces his own feeling that he ought to be king.
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— Jamie Wheeler
Duncan uses the language of farming—"plant," "labor," "growing"—to metaphorically describe his "harvest" of loyal subjects, a result of his attentive actions.
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— Jamie Wheeler
In *Lectures on Shakespeare, *W.H. Auden argues that "In *Macbeth, *the parallel to murder is treachery. The Thane of Cawdor is treacherous, admits his guilt, and willingly pays his debt" (209).
Auden, W.H. *Lectures on Shakespeare. *Ed. Arthur Krisch. Princeton: Princeton, U.P., 2000. Print.