Act V - Scene VIII
[Another part of the field.] |
Enter Macbeth. |
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Exeunt fighting. Alarums. |
Enter fighting, and Macbeth slain. Retreat. Flourish. Enter, with drum and colors, Malcolm, Siward, Ross, [the other] Thanes, and Soldiers. |
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[Re]-enter Macduff, with Macbeth's head. |
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Flourish. |
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Flourish. Exeunt. |
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Macbeth despairs to learn that Macduff was born of a cesarean section—surgically removed from his mother's womb instead of being born "naturally." This news completes the equivocal prophesies that the apparitions gave to Macbeth and he realizes that he has no more protection.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Since Macduff furiously attacks Macbeth, this continuation of dialogue represents a lull or brief pause in the combat. Macbeth, still confident in his supposed protection, rebuffs the attack and takes this moment to perhaps try to save Macduff's life by speaking these words.
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— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Shakespeare adds a small but noticeable touch here to help the audience recover some sympathy for Macbeth. Knowing what he did to Macduff's family, Macbeth has avoided him in the fight and doesn't want to harm him—because he believes he has already harmed Macduff enough.
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— William Delaney
Evidently Macbeth is referring to Brutus who chose to commit suicide by having a soldier hold his sword pointed at him and running onto it rather than surrender at the battle of Philippi. Macbeth would know about it from reading Plutarch. Shakespeare drew from Plutarch to dramatize the incident in Julius Caesar.
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— William Delaney
Macbeth is a powerful and valiant warrior. Normally he would have beaten Macduff in a duel, but Macbeth is morally weakened by his own feelings of guilt as well as by the way he has been misled by the witches to believe he is invulnerable.
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— Jamie Wheeler
In these lines, Macbeth refuses to commit suicide (unlike his wife). He wants justice for his actions and he wants that sentence to come from a fellow human being, not a ghost. However, even though he refuses to take his own life, his relentless pursuit of combat suggests that he has no value for his own life anymore.