Act I - Scene V
[Enter Maria and Feste.]
- MARIA:
-
Nay, either tell me where thou hast been, or I will not
open my lips so wide as a bristle may enter in way of thy
excuse: my lady will hang thee for thy absence.
- FESTE:
-
Let her hang me: he that is well hanged in this world
needs to fear no colours.(5)
- MARIA:
- Make that good.
- FESTE:
- He shall see none to fear.
- MARIA:
-
A good lenten answer: I can tell thee where that saying
was born, of, ‘I fear no colours.’
- FESTE:
- Where, good Mistress Mary?(10)
- MARIA:
-
In the wars; and that may you be bold to say in your
foolery.
- FESTE:
-
Well, God give them wisdom that have it; and those that
are fools, let them use their talents.
- MARIA:
-
Yet you will be hanged for being so long absent; or, to be(15)
turned away, is not that as good as a hanging to you?
- FESTE:
-
Many a good hanging prevents a bad marriage; and, for
turning away, let summer bear it out.
- MARIA:
- You are resolute, then?
- FESTE:
- Not so, neither; but I am resolved on two points.(20)
- MARIA:
-
That if one break, the other will hold; or, if both break,
your gaskins fall.
- FESTE:
-
Apt, in good faith; very apt. Well, go thy way; if Sir Toby
would leave drinking, thou wert as witty a piece of Eve's
flesh as any in Illyria.(25)
- MARIA:
-
Peace, you rogue; no more o' that; here comes my lady:
make your excuse wisely; you were best.
[Exit Maria.]
- FESTE:
-
[Aside] Wit, an't be thy will, put me into good fooling! Those
wits that think they have thee, do very oft prove fools; and I,
that am sure I lack thee, may pass for a wise man: for what(30)
says Quinapalus? ‘Better a witty fool than a foolish wit.’
God bless thee, lady!
[Enter Olivia and Malvolio.]
- OLIVIA:
- Take the fool away.
- FESTE:
- Do you not hear, fellows? Take away the lady.
- OLIVIA:
-
Go to, you're a dry fool; I'll no more of you: besides,(35)
you grow dishonest.
- FESTE:
-
Two faults, madonna, that drink and good counsel
will amend: for give the dry fool drink, then is the fool
not dry; bid the dishonest man mend himself: if he mend,
he is no longer dishonest; if he cannot, let the botcher(40)
mend him. Any thing that's mended is but patched.
Virtue that transgresses is but patched with sin; and
sin that amends is but patched with virtue. If that this
simple syllogism will serve, so; if it will not, what remedy?
As there is no true cuckold but calamity, so beauty's(45)
a flower: The lady bade take away the fool; therefore, I
say again, take her away.
- OLIVIA:
- Sir, I bade them take away you.
- FESTE:
-
Misprision in the highest degree! Lady, ‘Cucullus
non facit monachum’—that's as much to say as I wear not(50)
motley in my brain. Good madonna, give me leave to
prove you a fool.
- OLIVIA:
- Can you do it?
- FESTE:
- Dexteriously, good madonna.
- OLIVIA:
- Make your proof.(55)
- FESTE:
-
I must catechize you for it, madonna. Good my
mouse of virtue, answer me.
- OLIVIA:
-
Well, sir, for want of other idleness, I'll 'bide your
proof.
- FESTE:
- Good madonna, why mourn'st thou?(60)
- OLIVIA:
- Good fool, for my brother's death.
- FESTE:
- I think his soul is in hell, madonna.
- OLIVIA:
- I know his soul is in heaven, fool.
- FESTE:
-
The more fool, madonna, to mourn for your brother's
soul being in heaven. Take away the fool, gentlemen.(65)
- OLIVIA:
-
What think you of this fool, Malvolio? Doth he not
mend?
- MALVOLIO:
-
Yes; and shall do till the pangs of death shake
him. Infirmity, that decays the wise, doth ever make the
better fool.(70)
- FESTE:
-
God send you, sir, a speedy infirmity, for the better
increasing your folly! Sir Toby will be sworn that I am no
fox; but he will not pass his word for two pence that you
are no fool.
- OLIVIA:
- How say you to that, Malvolio?(75)
- MALVOLIO:
-
I marvel your ladyship takes delight in such a
barren rascal; I saw him put down the other day with an
ordinary fool that has no more brain than a stone. Look you
now, he's out of his guard already; unless you laugh and minister
occasion to him, he is gagged. I protest, I take these(80)
wise men that crow so at these set kind of fools, no better
than the fools' zanies.
- OLIVIA:
-
O, you are sick of self-love, Malvolio, and taste with
a distempered appetite. To be generous, guiltless, and of free
disposition, is to take those things for bird-bolts that you(85)
deem cannon-bullets. There is no slander in an allowed fool,
though he do nothing but rail; nor no railing in a known
discreet man, though he do nothing but reprove.
- FESTE:
-
Now Mercury endue thee with leasing, for thou speakest
well of fools!(90)
[Re-enter Maria.]
- MARIA:
-
Madam, there is at the gate a young gentleman much
desires to speak with you.
- OLIVIA:
- From the Count Orsino, is it?
- MARIA:
-
I know not, madam; 'tis a fair young man, and well
attended.(95)
- OLIVIA:
- Who of my people hold him in delay?
- MARIA:
- Sir Toby, madam, your kinsman.
- OLIVIA:
-
Fetch him off, I pray you; he speaks nothing but mad-
man. Fie on him!
[Exit Maria.]
or not at home; what you will to dismiss it.
[Exit Malvolio]
dislike it.
- FESTE:
-
Thou hast spoke for us, madonna, as if thy eldest
son should be a fool; whose skull Jove cram with brains,(105)
for,—here he comes,—one of thy kin, has a most weak pia
mater.
[Enter Sir Toby Belch.]
- OLIVIA:
-
By mine honour, half drunk. What is he at the gate,
cousin?
- SIR TOBY:
- A gentleman.(110)
- OLIVIA:
- A gentleman? What gentleman?
- SIR TOBY:
-
'Tis a gentleman here— [He Belches] a plague o' these pickle-herring!
—How now, sot?
- Feste:
- Good Sir Toby!
- OLIVIA:
-
Cousin, cousin, how have you come so early by this(115)
lethargy?
- SIR TOBY:
- Lechery! I defy lechery. There's one at the gate.
- OLIVIA:
- Ay, marry; what is he?
- SIR TOBY:
-
Let him be the devil an he will, I care not: give me
faith, say I. Well, it's all one.(120)
[Exit Sir Toby.]
- OLIVIA:
- What's a drunken man like, fool?
- FESTE:
-
Like a drowned man, a fool, and a madman: one
draught above heat makes him a fool; the second mads
him; and a third drowns him.
- OLIVIA:
-
Go thou and seek the crowner, and let him sit o' my(125)
coz; for he's in the third degree of drink; he's drowned:
go, look after him.
- FESTE:
-
He is but mad yet, madonna; and the fool shall look
to the madman.
[Exit Feste. Enter Malvolio]
- MALVOLIO:
-
Madam, yond young fellow swears he will speak(130)
with you. I told him you were sick; he takes on him to
understand so much, and therefore comes to speak with
you. I told him you were asleep; he seems to have a fore-
knowledge of that too, and therefore comes to speak with
you. What is to be said to him, lady? he's fortified against(135)
any denial.
- OLIVIA:
- Tell him, he shall not speak with me.
- MALVOLIO:
-
Has been told so; and he says, he'll stand at your
door like a sheriff's post, and be the supporter to a
bench, but he'll speak with you.(140)
- OLIVIA:
- What kind of man is he?
- MALVOLIO:
- Why, of mankind.
- OLIVIA:
- What manner of man?
- MALVOLIO:
-
Of very ill manner; he'll speak with you, will you
or no.(145)
- OLIVIA:
- Of what personage and years is he?
- MALVOLIO:
-
Not yet old enough for a man, nor young enough
for a boy; as a squash is before 'tis a peascod, or a codling,
when 'tis almost an apple: 'tis with him in standing water,
between boy and man. He is very well-favoured, and he(150)
speaks very shrewishly; one would think his mother's milk
were scarce out of him.
- OLIVIA:
- Let him approach. Call in my gentlewoman.
- MALVOLIO:
- Gentlewoman, my lady calls.
[Exit Malvolio. Enter Maria]
- OLIVIA:
-
Give me my veil; come, throw it o'er my face. We'll once(155)
more hear Orsino's embassy.
[Enter Viola.]
- VIOLA:
- The honourable lady of the house, which is she?
- OLIVIA:
- Speak to me; I shall answer for her. Your will?
- VIOLA:
-
Most radiant, exquisite, and unmatchable beauty,—I pray
you, tell me if this be the lady of the house, for I never saw(160)
her: I would be loath to cast away my speech, for besides
that it is excellently well penned, I have taken great pains to
con it. Good beauties, let me sustain no scorn; I am very
comptible, even to the least sinister usage.
- OLIVIA:
- Whence came you, sir?(165)
- VIOLA:
-
I can say little more than I have studied, and that
question's out of my part. Good gentle one, give me modest
assurance, if you be the lady of the house, that I may proceed
in my speech.
- OLIVIA:
- Are you a comedian?(170)
- VIOLA:
-
No, my profound heart: and yet, by the very fangs of
malice I swear, I am not that I play. Are you the lady of the
house?
- OLIVIA:
- If I do not usurp myself, I am.
- VIOLA:
-
Most certain, if you are she, you do usurp yourself; for(175)
what is yours to bestow is not yours to reserve. But this is
from my commission: I will on with my speech in your
praise, and then show you the heart of my message.
- OLIVIA:
-
Come to what is important in't: I forgive you the
praise.(180)
- VIOLA:
- Alas, I took great pains to study it, and 'tis poetical.
- OLIVIA:
-
It is the more like to be feigned: I pray you, keep it in.
I heard you were saucy at my gates, and allowed your
approach rather to wonder at you than to hear you. If you
be not mad, be gone; if you have reason, be brief: 'tis not(185)
that time of moon with me to make one in so skipping
a dialogue.
- MARIA:
- Will you hoist sail, sir? here lies your way.
- VIOLA:
-
No, good swabber; I am to hull here a little longer.
Some mollification for your giant, sweet lady.(190)
- OLIVIA:
- Tell me your mind.
- VIOLA:
- I am a messenger.
- OLIVIA:
-
Sure, you have some hideous matter to deliver, when
the courtesy of it is so fearful. Speak your office.
- VIOLA:
-
It alone concerns your ear. I bring no overture of war,(195)
no taxation of homage: I hold the olive in my hand; my
words are as full of peace as matter.
- OLIVIA:
-
Yet you began rudely. What are you? what would
you?
- VIOLA:
-
The rudeness that hath appeared in me have I learned(200)
from my entertainment. What I am, and what I would,
are as secret as maidenhead; to your ears, divinity; to
any other's, profanation.
- OLIVIA:
-
Give us the place alone: we will hear this divinity.
- Now, sir, what is your text?(205)
[Exit Maria with attendants.]
- VIOLA:
- Most sweet lady,—
- OLIVIA:
-
A comfortable doctrine, and much may be said of it.
Where lies your text?
- VIOLA:
- In Orsino's bosom.
- OLIVIA:
- In his bosom? In what chapter of his bosom?(210)
- VIOLA:
- To answer by the method, in the first of his heart.
- OLIVIA:
-
O, I have read it: it is heresy. Have you no more to
say?
- VIOLA:
- Good madam, let me see your face.
- OLIVIA:
-
Have you any commission from your lord to negotiate(215)
with my face? you are now out of your text: but we
will draw the curtain and show you the picture.
Look you, sir, such a one I was this present. Is't not well
done?(220)[Unveiling.]
- VIOLA:
- Excellently done, if God did all.
- OLIVIA:
- 'Tis in grain, sir; 'twill endure wind and weather.
- VIOLA:
-
'Tis beauty truly blent, whose red and white
Nature's own sweet and cunning hand laid on:
Lady, you are the cruell'st she alive,(225)
If you will lead these graces to the grave
And leave the world no copy.
- OLIVIA:
-
O, sir, I will not be so hard-hearted; I will give out
divers schedules of my beauty: it shall be inventoried,
and every particle and utensil labelled to my will: as, item,(230)
two lips, indifferent red; item, two grey eyes, with lids to
them; item, one neck, one chin, and so forth. Were you sent
hither to praise me?
- VIOLA:
-
I see you what you are: you are too proud;
But, if you were the devil, you are fair.(235)
My lord and master loves you: O, such love
Could be but recompensed, though you were crown'd
The nonpareil of beauty!
- OLIVIA:
- How does he love me?
- VIOLA:
-
With adorations, fertile tears,(240)
With groans that thunder love, with sighs of fire.
- OLIVIA:
-
Your lord does know my mind; I cannot love him:
Yet I suppose him virtuous, know him noble,
Of great estate, of fresh and stainless youth;
In voices well divulged, free, learn'd, and valiant,(245)
And in dimension and the shape of nature,
A gracious person: but yet I cannot love him;
He might have took his answer long ago.
- VIOLA:
-
If I did love you in my master's flame,
With such a suffering, such a deadly life,(250)
In your denial I would find no sense;
I would not understand it.
- OLIVIA:
- Why, what would you?
- VIOLA:
-
Make me a willow cabin at your gate,
And call upon my soul within the house;(255)
Write loyal cantons of contemned love
And sing them loud, even in the dead of night;
Halloo your name to the reverberate hills
And make the babbling gossip of the air
Cry out ‘Olivia!’ O, you should not rest(260)
Between the elements of air and earth,
But you should pity me.
- OLIVIA:
-
You might do much.
What is your parentage?
- VIOLA:
-
Above my fortunes, yet my state is well:(265)
I am a gentleman.
- OLIVIA:
-
Get you to your lord;
I cannot love him: let him send no more;
Unless, perchance, you come to me again,
To tell me how he takes it. Fare you well:(270)
I thank you for your pains: spend this for me. [Offers Viola money.]
- VIOLA:
-
I am no fee'd post, lady; keep your purse:
My master, not myself, lacks recompense.
Love make his heart of flint that you shall love;
And let your fervor, like my master's, be(275)
Placed in contempt! Farewell, fair cruelty.
[Exit Viola.]
- OLIVIA:
-
‘What is your parentage?’
‘Above my fortunes, yet my state is well:
I am a gentleman.’ I'll be sworn thou art;
Thy tongue, thy face, thy limbs, actions, and spirit,(280)
Do give thee five-fold blazon: not too fast: soft, soft!
Unless the master were the man. How now?
Even so quickly may one catch the plague?
Methinks I feel this youth's perfections
With an invisible and subtle stealth(285)
To creep in at mine eyes. Well, let it be.
What, ho, Malvolio!
[Enter Malvolio.]
- MALVOLIO:
- Here, madam, at your service.
- OLIVIA:
-
Run after that same peevish messenger,
The County's man: he left this ring behind him,(290)
Would I or not: tell him I'll none of it.
Desire him not to flatter with his lord,
Nor hold him up with hopes; I am not for him:
If that the youth will come this way tomorrow,
I'll give him reasons for't: hie thee, Malvolio.(295)
- MALVOLIO:
- Madam, I will.
[Exit Malvolio.]
- OLIVIA:
-
I do I know not what, and fear to find
Mine eye too great a flatterer for my mind.
Fate, show thy force: ourselves we do not owe;
What is decreed must be, and be this so.(300)
[Exit Olivia.]
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that Olivia claims her attraction to the youth comes from his “invisible” stealth and mystery. This could be read as a comment on disguise or costuming. Because Cesario wears a costume and does not speak about his past, his “perfections” come from Olivia’s perception. She can read any of her own expectations into his appearance and background and therefore invent the perfect man.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that Olivia seems to fall in love with Cesario after he describes her using poetic metaphors, just as Viola fell in love with Orsino after he used a poetic blazon to describe her. Both instances of love underscore the theme of writing and poetry in this play.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Red and white are colors used throughout Petrarchan love poetry to symbolize love and chastity. They were particularly poignant colors in the English sonnet tradition because the flag of St. George, the patron saint of England, is a red cross on a white background. Viola’s use of “red and white” in this speech references this poetic tradition and elevates Olivia’s beauty to the level of these paragons from famous love poems.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that Viola and Olivia talk about love using metaphors that compare it to written words: “text” and “chapter.” This motif of writing suggest that words and poetry have power over one’s thoughts, so much so that Viola is able to break Olivia of her melancholy in this scene.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Viola frames Orsino’s message as poetical and complex: she had to put in great effort into studying and learning about his love for Olivia. Olivia seems impressed by this either because of the labor Viola put into this pursuit or because of the power of poetic words.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
“Con” means both to speak persuasively and to deceive or swindle. Both meanings come from the ability to know, to have power over others because of one’s knowledge. Viola’s use of this word demonstrates the power that her wit gives her over Olivia and the other characters in the play.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Before she will allow Cesario to see her, Viola has to put on her costume of mourning, the dark veil that covers her face. This underscores the importance of acting throughout the play: characters cannot simply feel an emotion, they must hyperbolically act out the emotion in order to convince all onlookers of their feeling.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Malvolio cannot give a simple answer to this question. Instead he uses metaphors to talk in circles and demonstrate his abundance of education and knowledge. This shows that Malvolio likes to hear himself talk and show off his education. These qualities do not endear him to the audience.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
“Mouse” was a common term of endearment for women in this time. Feste uses this term in order to show an unusual level of closeness with Olivia, who should be his superior. This demonstrates the theme of social inversion.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Though many other characters in the play rely on costumes and perceptions to shape their identities, Feste offers a counter example with a metaphor. Feste does not wear “motley” on his brain, meaning his jester costume does not characterize his witty mind. In other words, his clothing, or outward appearance, does not characterize his inner personality.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Feste uses the term “cuckold calamity” to suggest that Olivia has married grief and cuckolded all men. He uses this metaphor to warn her to give up her grief before it is too late. She is a flower and she will wilt if she continues to shun men for her melancholy.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
“Madonna” is a contronym, a word with two opposing meanings. It referred to both an extremely flirtatious and sexually loose woman or an extremely chaste woman, akin to the Virgin Mary. It was used as a respectful, or mock-respectful, form of address.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Here, Feste claims that he would rather be seen as a witty fool than a “foolish wit,” meaning someone who acts foolish in trying to seem witty. This chiasmus underscores the theme of social inversion present throughout this play. Feste claims that “foolish wit” is more dangerous than a “witty fool” because a “foolish wit” falls from a privileged position and dishonors that position.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
In productions the character will often pause as if waiting for the audience to answer then mock them with the following line “better a witty fool than a foolish wit,” to suggest that they should know what Quinapalus says.
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
A syllogism is a type of argument that applies logical reasoning to come to a conclusion based on two or more propositions that are assumed true. In Feste’s example, he’s simply using this word to ask if his logic makes sense to Olivia.
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
The verb “to catechize” means to question or interrogate someone systematically with a particular goal in mind. For Feste, he is asking permission of Olivia to ask her a series of questions in order to prove the veracity of his claim.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
“Quinapalus” is an invented philosopher that Feste uses to comically demonstrate his learned nature and make fun of the tendency to reference “authorities” in elevated jargon. This jargon elevates the fool to the educational status of the nobility with whom he interacts. This wordplay shapes Feste’s character and signals to the audience that he is the smartest person in the play: he is able to play with social boundaries by manipulating the meaning of words.
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Feste has just told Olivia that since her brother is in heaven, she shouldn’t be in mourning. Olivia’s question here is directed at Malvolio, asking him if he thinks Feste is becoming a better fool. Feste’s jests have lifted Olivia’s spirits somewhat, but Malvolio’s reply reveals him to be humorless and self-absorbed.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Here, Feste points out the disarray within the social order. He claims that Maria, a servant, is the cleverest woman in Illyria, and this makes her a suitable wife for Sir Toby, a nobleman. In the hierarchical social system of Early Modern England, a servant marrying a nobleman would have been prohibited. However, because these characters do not conform to the expectations of their social positions—Sir Toby is a drunk and Maria is witty—Feste can logically suggest this subversion of the social order.
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Feste is pleased to hear Olivia speak well of fools, saying that if she were to have a son, he hopes that son would be a very clever fool full of wit. He sharply contrasts this hypothetical son with Olivia’s kin, or relation, Sir Toby, saying that he has a weak pia mater, or “brain.”
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Much of this scene has involved performances on the parts of all characters present. Olivia’s lifting the veil is yet another love performance, a part of Orsino’s courtship ritual. Notice how she jokes that she is lifting her veil because they are out of “text,” suggesting that her actions are not scripted. This is, however, a highly theatrical, clichéd moment. It’s as if Shakespeare were using these traditional clichés to simultaneously talk about love while satirizing them.
-
— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is a pun on “collars” which would sound similar to the British pronunciation of “colours.” A collar, also called a “ruff,” was a piece of folded fabric that lined the top of a shirt and kept one’s doublet from becoming dirty. It was a potent symbol of wealth in the Renaissance. Here, Feste claims that he who dies does not need to fear those with wealth and power.
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Viola (as Cesario) makes several claims here to assure Olivia that the news she brings is peaceful in nature. By holding an olive, Viola means that she is (figuratively) bearing an olive branch, a symbol of peace.
-
— Wesley, Owl Eyes Editor
Viola, as Cesario, tells Olivia what she would do if she loved Olivia as much as Orsino: write poems of love, sing them through the night, and cry “Olivia” so loudly it would echo off the hills. Viola’s speech is beautiful and true compared to Orsino’s tired, clichéd speeches on love and lust, and it does the one thing that Orsino’s cannot: it makes Olivia fall in love. Viola appears to speak from the heart, using natural imagery, and since she is a woman, she appears able to find ways to appeal to what Olivia likes in a way that Orsino never could.
-
— Katie Rounds
These broad and hyperbolic compliments were very common in works of this time, aligning with popular courtly love customs. Shakespeare and many of his contemporaries took inspiration from an Italian poet named Petrarch, who set the standard for romantic language in the time.
-
— Katie Rounds
The subtext of this line opens up a number of questions to consider. Does Orsino really love Olivia? Does he simply love her from afar? It doesn't necessarily seem like Olivia wants the answer she's going to get.
-
— Katie Rounds
Olivia is joking with Viola, saying that she will leave behind a list of things to make her copy. She names off her body parts to elaborate on this joke.
-
— Katie Rounds
The fool is telling Olivia that if her brother really is in heaven she should not mourn him quite so much. He refers to her as a fool, revealing a more familiar relationship between the two characters.