Analysis Pages

Vocabulary in David Copperfield

Vocabulary Examples in David Copperfield:

Chapter 1 - I Am Born

🔒 9

"mourning weeds..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

In this context, the noun "weeds" refers to the traditionally black clothes worn by a widow grieving after the death of a her husband.

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"sidled..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

The verb "to sidle" means to walk with one side forward, especially in a furtive way so as not to be noticed.

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"portentous..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

The adjective "portentous" refers to one's giving a sign or warning of imminent unpleasantness. It can also refer to someone having a very grave, solemn, and serious demeanor. In this context, the suggestion is that Miss Betsey appears pompous and superior and evidently important.

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"an annuity..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

An "annuity" is an insurance policy or an investment that pays someone a fixed amount of money each year.

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"reversion..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

In legal contexts, a "reversion" refers to the returning of property to a former owner or to a person who received the right to it when the former owner died.

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"fender..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

A "fender" is a low metal frame or screen placed in front of an open fireplace.

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"Saracen's Head in a Dutch clock..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

In Europe in the late Middle Ages, Saracen was the term used to denote a Muslim from the Middle East. The word "Dutch" in the passage is generally considered to be a misnomer for Deutsch, meaning German. 

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"a wax doll..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

A "wax doll" is a description that suggests she was not a mature woman of substance or refinement.

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"caul..."   (Chapter 1 - I Am Born)

A "caul" is a piece of amniotic membrane that in rare instances covers a baby's head or face at birth.

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"Lawk..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

The interjection "lawk" is an expression of surprise similar to saying "Oh my goodness!"

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"supposititious..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

The adjective "supposititious" means that something is based on wondering or supposing. Seeing that Peggotty is not happy to be taking Davy away and leaving his mother with Murdstone makes Davy wonder if he is being taken away for good and, if that is the case, if he would be able to find his way back home.

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"carrier's cart..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

A carrier's cart is form of public transportation between towns and villages and the means to "mail" letters and packages.

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"Quinion,' said Mr. Murdstone, 'take care, if you please. Somebody's sharp..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

The expression "somebody's sharp" serves as a warning that Davy might understand what the men are talking about. The suggestion is that Mr. Murdstone has designs on Mrs. Copperfield and perhaps her inheritance.

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"boat-cloaks..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

A "boat-cloak" is a long black naval uniform cloak worn infrequently with evening dress uniforms.

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"deferred..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

The verb "to defer" means to submit to someone else's wishes, opinions, or governance.

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"perspicuously..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

The adverb "perspicuously" refers to something's being done in a way that is easy to understand because it is clear and precise.

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"bolting furtive gooseberries..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

Generally, the verb "to bolt" states that something happens rapidly. So, in this context, he eats the gooseberries very quickly so that his mother doesn't notice.

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"sun-dial..."   (Chapter 2 - I Observe)

A sun-dial is a device used to show the time of day by the position of the sun; it consists of a plate with markings like a clock and an object with a straight edge that casts a shadow onto the plate. As the sun moves, the shadow moves around the face of the plate, showing the passing of time and the present hour.

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"hammocks..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

Beds made of canvas or netting suspended between two supports.

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"similes..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

Figures of speech that describe one thing by saying it is "like" or "as" another. 

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"lugger, ..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

A small fishing or coasting boat with one or more four-sided sails.

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"parasol..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

A small, fashionable umbrella carried by ladies to shade their faces from the sun.

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"captivation..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

Irresistible attraction, the result of finding something beautiful or charming.

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"roc's egg..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

In Arabian fairy tales and sailors' folklore, a roc was an enormous bird of prey capable of destroying entire ships and carrying off men and huge animals in its talons. In a story of Sinbad the Sailor, ships were destroyed by a roc in retaliation for its egg's having been destroyed by the sailors. 

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"riggers'..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

Refers to those who construct or repair the rigging of a sailing ship, the ropes, chains, and tackle that support and control the masts and sails.

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"sheepish..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

The adjective "sheepish" means appearing uncomfortable or embarrassed, as if one has done something wrong.

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"oakum..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

"Oakum" is hemp that's been treated with tar used for caulking seams in wooden ships to make them waterproof.

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"pitch..."   (Chapter 3 - I Have A Change)

"Pitch" is a thick, sticky substance made from coal tar used for waterproofing, caulking, roofing, and paving roads.

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"a large linen wrapper..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

A cloth bandage or sling. The implication is that, not only did Murdstone beat Davy violently but that, Davy, having bitten him, had injured Murdstone's hand badly.  

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"stoical..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Enduring pain or hardship without complaining or showing one's feelings.

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"boot-trees..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Wooden forms inserted into boots to maintain the shape of the boots.

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"sullen..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Withdrawn; unwilling to talk or smile because of feeling angry or unhappy.

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"My mother starts..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Reacts with a sudden, brief involuntary movement from being startled.

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"magnanimous..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Generous and noble. The word is used sarcastically in context.

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"hypocritical..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Behaving in a way that does not agree with or represent how one really thinks or feels.

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"pliant..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

Not firm; too easily controlled or influenced by other people.

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"desolation..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

A feeling of loneliness resulting from the loss of someone dear.

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"prospect..."   (Chapter 4 - I Fall Into Disgrace)

The view seen through the window; the scene beyond the window.

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"bellows..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

An apparatus that produces a strong current of air by pumping it to force air through a nozzle.

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"speculation..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

Contemplation or consideration of a subject; conjecture or supposition.

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"disconcerting..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

Upsetting one's composure or self-assurance; embarrassing. 

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"diffidence..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

Lacking confidence; feeling uncomfortable in a particular situation.

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"gaiters..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

Cloth or leather leg coverings reaching from the instep to above the ankle or to mid-calf or knee; worn over pants.

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"bow-window..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

A large window that curves outward from the side of a building.

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"latent..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

Dormant; present and capable of emerging but not yet active or obvious.

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"and squeezed me to her stays..."   (Chapter 5 - I Am Sent Away From Home)

Here, "stays" are strips of whalebone that give a corset its shape; the word sometimes refers to the corset itself.

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"parlour-boarder..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

A boy boarding at the school who was allowed to eat in the parlour with the adults.

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"hop-dealer..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

Hops are the dried ripe flowers of hop plant, containing a bitter aromatic oil. They are used in the brewing industry to prevent bacterial action and to add the characteristic bitter taste to beer. Before becoming a school master, Mr. Creakle was a merchant.

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"currant wine..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

Wine made from red current berries, edible fruit similar to gooseberries.

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"flinching..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

Making a quick, nervous movement of the face or body as an instinctive reaction to surprise, fear, or pain.

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"seals..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

Devices with a cut or raised emblem, symbol, or word used especially to certify a signature or authenticate a document; medallions bearing such a device incised so that they can be impressed on wax, such as the wax used to seal letters. 

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"abashed..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

Intimidated so as to lose one's self-possession or self-confidence; disconcerted.

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"dromedary..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

A camel of western Asia or northern Africa that has one hump on its back.

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"snuff-box..."   (Chapter 6 - I Enlarge My Circle Of Acquaintance)

A box that holds snuff, which is a pulverized tobacco to be inhaled through the nose, chewed, or placed against the gums.

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"suet-puddings..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

A boiled or steamed pudding made with beef or mutton fat, flour, bread crumbs, raisins, and spices.

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"prostrate..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

Reduced to extreme weakness; laid low by illness; being incapacitated.

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"puss in the corner..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

This is a rowdy children's game for five players. Four players occupy the corners of a room; the fifth player, "puss," stands in the center of the room. The players in the corners attempt to exchange places among themselves without letting puss take one of their spots. If puss secures a place in one of the corners, the player who is left out takes the place in the center of the room, and the game continues.   

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"baited..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

Teased, attacked, or tormented. In Elizabethan times, bear baiting was a popular entertainment. A bear was chained and then set upon by a pack of dogs.

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"kept the house from indisposition..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

To be indisposed means to be slightly ill or to feel sick. In context, this is a humorous way of saying that Mr. Creakle on this particular day didn't make the boys feel bad, suggesting that he usually did.

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"in want of a restorative..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

In need of something to give Davy back his voice when it becomes weak or hoarse or to improve his health generally.

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"tantalizing..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

Creating excitement and desire while remaining out of reach. 

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"parasol..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

A small, pretty umbrella carried by ladies to shade themselves from the sun.

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"Beadle..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

A minor church official who acts as an usher and keeps order during a church service.

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"propitiators..."   (Chapter 7 - My 'First Half' At Salem House)

Those who attempt to appease an angry, offended power, such as a god.

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"submissive..."   (Chapter 8 - My Holidays. Especially One Happy Afternoon)

The state of willingly subjecting oneself to the authority of someone else.

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"actuate..."   (Chapter 8 - My Holidays. Especially One Happy Afternoon)

To cause someone to do something or to act in a certain way; to motivate.

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"infantine..."   (Chapter 8 - My Holidays. Especially One Happy Afternoon)

An archaic word for "infantile"; childish; in context, a memory rooted in Davy's infancy.

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"diabolical..."   (Chapter 9 - I Have A Memorable Birthday)

Appropriate to a devil, especially in degree of wickedness or cruelty.

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"chaise..."   (Chapter 9 - I Have A Memorable Birthday)

A horse-drawn carriage for one or two people, typically one with an open top and two wheels.

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"porpoise..."   (Chapter 9 - I Have A Memorable Birthday)

A type of whale similar to a dolphin. In context, an allusion to Mr. Omer's bulk.

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"hoar frost..."   (Chapter 9 - I Have A Memorable Birthday)

A grayish-white crystalline deposit of frozen water vapor formed in clear still weather on vegetation, fences, etc.

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"counting-house..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

A building, room, or office in which a business firm carries on operations such as accounting and correspondence.

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"languished..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

To continue in a weak and miserable state while remaining unattended and neglected. 

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"quarto edition..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

A book that consists of quartos. To produce a quarto, eight pages of text were printed on a full sheet of paper; the paper was folded twice to create four leaves of a book, each leaf printed on both sides. Individual quartos were sewn together to produce a completed book.

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"fowl..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

A bird eaten as food, such as a duck, pheasant, goose, turkey, or chicken. 

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"buff waistcoat..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

A light brown vest. Buff is a shade of pale brown that has a yellowish tint.

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"drab pantaloons..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

Tight-fitting trousers of a brown or khaki color; pantaloons often fastened under the instep of a man's foot. The style was popular in the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century.

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"dressed as usual, in her neat and quiet mourning..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

The black clothing worn for a period of time after the death of a loved one.

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"jet..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

A dense black coal that can be polished to be shiny and is often used in making jewelry.

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"protestations..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

Emphatic declarations; statements made with great force and emphasis.

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"sagacious..."   (Chapter 10 - I Become Neglected, And Am Provided For)

Having the ability to see and understand clearly, as in assessing a situation or one's circumstances.

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"back-garret..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

A small room on the top floor located at the back of the house.

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"a lively game at skittles,..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

A British form of ninepins, in which a wooden disk or ball is thrown to knock down the pins.

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"conjugate a Latin verb..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Related to grammar; to give the various forms of a verb in regard to number, person, voice, mood, and tense.

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"the plate..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Mrs. Micawber alludes to a particular plate of some value, such as a silver plate.

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"chiffonier..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

A narrow high chest of drawers or bureau, often with a mirror attached.

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"discretion..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

The quality of being discreet; being prudent in what one says and does, as a result of understanding a set of circumstances.

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"anomalous..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Irregular; out of the ordinary; not a part of the natural order or things.

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"an execution had just been put in..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

A legal writ ordering that a family's possessions be sold to pay creditors, the sale to be supervised by a sheriff.

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"elastic..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

In context, changeable; capable of alternating between extreme behaviors.

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"self-dependence..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Being responsible for himself; being on his own in the world.

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"precocious..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Manifesting or characterized by unusually early development or maturity, especially in mental aptitude.

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"experientia does it..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

An allusion to the Latin phrase, experientia docet (experience teaches). Mrs. Micawber mistakes docet for "does it."

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"quizzing-glass..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

A monocle attached to a wire, a string, or a chain that is attached to a person's clothing. 

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"emulation..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Effort or ambition to equal or surpass another; imitating another in some way.

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"auspiciously..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

Favorably; in a special way. In the passage, Davy is speaking ironically.

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"packet ships..."   (Chapter 11 - I Begin Life On My Own Account, And Don't Like It)

British cargo ships that operated on an established schedule.

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"blighted..."   (Chapter 12 - Liking Life On My Own Account No Better, I Form A Great Resolution)

Prevented by adverse conditions from developing normally; withered.

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"precepts..."   (Chapter 12 - Liking Life On My Own Account No Better, I Form A Great Resolution)

Rules or principles prescribing particular courses of action or conduct in how one should live.

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"disparage..."   (Chapter 12 - Liking Life On My Own Account No Better, I Form A Great Resolution)

To belittle; to speak of in a slighting or disrespectful way.

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"elasticity..."   (Chapter 12 - Liking Life On My Own Account No Better, I Form A Great Resolution)

Flexibility. In context, their ability to recover from feeling despondent and feel optimistic again.

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"a little more flip..."   (Chapter 12 - Liking Life On My Own Account No Better, I Form A Great Resolution)

A mixed drink made with any of various alcoholic beverages and often including beaten eggs.

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"harmonic..."   (Chapter 12 - Liking Life On My Own Account No Better, I Form A Great Resolution)

Characterized by agreement in feeling or opinion. In context, everyone in the club was happy to see Mr. Micawber released from prison. 

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"protegees..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

People who are protected and aided by the support of a patron, someone who takes a particular interest in them. 

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"in his fob..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

A small pocket at the front waistline of a man's trousers or in the front of a vest, used especially to hold a watch.

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"in her gait and carriage..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

Carriage: the manner of holding and moving one's head and body; a person's bearing.

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"minute guns. ..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

Guns fired at short, regular intervals, usually at ceremonies such as a funeral.

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"aniseed water..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

Water flavored with the seed-like fruit of the anise plant, an aromatic herb. 

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"a tall press..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

A large upright case or cupboard for holding items found in a household. 

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"lime-kiln..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

A furnace used to reduce naturally occurring forms of calcium carbonate to lime.

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"consternation..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

A state of paralyzing dismay; feeling an extreme lack of courage or resolution.

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"fly-drivers..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

Drivers who transported people for a fee in one-horse carriages; fly-drivers were the taxi drivers of their day.

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"Maidstone..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

The "county town" in Kent; a county town is the administrative center of a county.

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"What lay are you upon?' asked the tinker. 'Are you a prig..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

These two questions can be paraphrased as the following: "What are you up to, or what is your game?" and "Are you a thief?"

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"sentry..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

A soldier stationed to keep guard or to control access to a place; a watchman.

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"slop-shops..."   (Chapter 13 - The Sequel Of My Resolution)

Shops that sold cheap clothes, often used, and were frequented by sailors.

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"irascibility..."   (Chapter 14 - My Aunt Makes Up Her Mind About Me)

The state or condition of being easily angered and prone to angry outbursts.

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"untoward, intractable disposition..."   (Chapter 14 - My Aunt Makes Up Her Mind About Me)

A troublesome, unruly, difficult to manage nature or personality.

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"habiliments..."   (Chapter 14 - My Aunt Makes Up Her Mind About Me)

Articles of clothing that made up the outfit Davy was dressed in.

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"That's his allegorical way of expressing it..."   (Chapter 14 - My Aunt Makes Up Her Mind About Me)

An allegory is a story that expresses an alternative meaning through a collection of symbols found in the story; characters and events in the story represent something greater than what they appear to be. 

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"a natural. ..."   (Chapter 14 - My Aunt Makes Up Her Mind About Me)

In context, a person born without normal intelligence; one whose natural intelligence is impaired.

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"Deuce take the man..."   (Chapter 15 - I Make Another Beginning)

A polite way (in  Charles Dickens' era) of swearing - deuce referring to the devil. 

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"backgammon-board..."   (Chapter 15 - I Make Another Beginning)

The board on which players' pieces are moved, based on the roll of dice, in playing the game of backgammon.  

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