Act I - Scene IV
A street. |
Enter Romeo, Mercutio, Benvolio, with five or six other Maskers; Torchbearers |
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They march about the stage. Exeunt. |
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
In this context, "forfeit" means a misdeed, crime, or transgression, generally undertaken with the intention of causing injury. Romeo's statement is surprisingly accurate. He predicts that the course of the night's events will cause his untimely death. Much like the prologue, this statement interrupts the comedic exchange between Romeo and his friends to remind the audience how this story will end. Perhaps this is a way in which Shakespeare reminds the audience to pay close attention to the next scene.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Vain fantasy" is the indulgence in one's imagination which exists in an unreal space outside of reality. Romeo stops Mercutio because he talks of "nothing" meaning something that is intangible. However, Romeo's love for Rosaline is just as intangible as Mercutio's made up fairies. Mercutio's point here is that things made up in the imagination have just as much impact on reality as corporeal things. A theme we will see play out over the course of the play.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Healths" is a colloquialism that means to drink a toast. "Five fathoms deep" is a nautical measurement that equals about thirty feet. This metaphor uses hyperbole to imply that soldiers drink a lot.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Smelling out a suit" means to find a someone to petition government officials, or pay off government officials, so that the courtier has influence in the court. Notice that the dreams Queen Mab gives reveals Mercutio's opinion of each group of people. Lawyers only care for money, women's lips only care for kisses, and courtiers only care for influence within the court.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
A parson was a pastor or vicar of a small church. Tithe was the tax, generally a tenth of the parishioner's income or livestock, that a church would collect in order to support itself. Sometimes a church would collect tithe in the form of livestock, such as pigs. Claiming that the parson would dream of tithe is a subtle suggestion that there was corruption within the church as this holy man dreams of money or payment rather than God.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Queen Mab goes into the dreams of others in order to show them what they desire. Lovers dream of the love they want, courtiers dream of impressing the court with their manners, lawyers dream of money etc. In this way, Mercutio undermines Romeo's dreams of his love: they are not real but rather the deception of a fairy that is trying to manipulate him.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Wagoner" is a coachman or driver. This description of her collar, whip, wagon, etc. demonstrates how tiny she is and imbues her with whimsical imagery that situates her story in the world of fantasy.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Atomies" in this context means a little fairy. Queen Mab travels into men's bedrooms as they sleep followed by her subjects.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is the first reference to Queen Mab in English literature. She is a fairy that originated in Irish legends and was once the Queen of all fairies. Under her reign, Kings ruled with the support of the fairy kingdom and left out honey and cakes for fairies. However, when she was dethroned by her son Oberon (who is a main character in Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream) humans stopped believing in fairies. Mercutio's famous speech establishes him as a fanciful character.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Mercutio adds to the comedy of this line by omitting a swear word with this phrase. This essentially means "if you will excuse my saying so" and comes across as ironic formality. Mercutio is mocking Romeo's excessive lovesickness with excessive formality.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Dun" refers to a dark or gloomy color. But it also occurs in a then common phrase "dun is in the mire," in which dun means horse. This colloquial phrase was used to say that something was at a stand-still or dead-lock. Mercutio invokes this saying in order to contradict Romeo's outlook: even if the "dun is in the mire" and the situation is hopelessly at a stand-still, Mercutio and Benvolio are determined to pull him out of the "mire," metaphorically his lovesick, gloomy disposition.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Mercutio takes up Romeo's metaphor of the thorn by using the word "prick," to pierce or puncture a small hole in. However, he also invokes the sexual innuendo of "prick" that implies the penis. Mercutio uses this metaphor to suggest that Romeo "prick" love instead of allowing love to "prick" him. Again, notice how love and violence are mixed within this metaphor. Mercutio is suggesting that Romeo "beat down" and forcibly prick love in order to cure his lovesickness.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Here, Romeo compares love to a rose. While he is using the thorns to show that love is more hardy than Mercutio has made it out to be, the rose implicit in his invocation of thorns causes Romeo to take up Mercutio's language. Notice that Romeo and Mercutio speak in a series of evolving metaphors. They never actually say what they mean but instead approximate their meaning with word play. This makes everything said unreal and indefinite.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Prolixity" means longwinded or wordy spoken or written language. It was custom in this time period to send a messenger ahead of one's party if they were going to show up in masks and wished to remain anonymous. The messenger was supposed to beg apology from the host with rhetoric. Romeo asks if they should send this messenger, and Benvolio tells him that such formalities are now out of date.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Maskers" are people on their way to a masquerade, or party in which all participants wear masks. "Torchbearers" were needed at night so that people could see their way through the streets before street lamps existed. While these men are marked Maskers and Torchbearers they can be considered part of Romeo's party on their way to the Capulet's ball.