Act V - Scene III
Verona. A Churchyard; in it, the monument of the Capulets. |
Enter Paris and his Page with flowers and a torch. |
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Retires. |
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Enter Romeo and Balthasar with a torch, a mattock, and a crow of iron. |
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Retires. |
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Romeo opens the tomb. |
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They fight. |
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Dies. |
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Enter Friar Laurence, with lantern, crow, and spade. |
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Juliet rises. |
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Enter Paris’ Boy and Watch. |
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Enter some of the Watch, with Romeo's Man Balthasar. |
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Enter Friar Laurence and another Watchman. |
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Enter the Prince and Attendants. |
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Enter Capulet, Lady Capulet, and others. |
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Enter Montague and others. |
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
The Friar is a controversial character within this play. On one hand, he is a man of the cloth who allows the lovers to be together and keeps their secret until they die. However, he is also the catalyst for the tragedy that ensues in this play. His actions can be seen as a form of cowardice: he gives Juliet the vial so that no one finds out he married the lovers, and he runs in the tomb rather than staying with Juliet and preventing her from killing herself. Even this final speech, in which he tells the prince that he should be prosecuted for his actions, is full of blame for everyone's involvement in the young lovers's deaths. In this way the Friar can either be read as a selfish character who acts and speaks out of self interest, or as the moral center who reminds everyone of their hand in the tragedy.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Juliet's famous dying lines represent the final transformation and bring about the tragic ending. The "happy dagger" finds a new "sheath" in Juliet's body. Some critics have seen this as an erotic suicide in which the dagger replaces Romeo in her heart. Much like previous metaphors in which Juliet likened her marriage bed to a grave, this suicide literalizes the presence of death within her love.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
By "true apothecary" Romeo means that the poison he bought in the previous scene is just as potent and deadly as the apothecary promised. Romeo's dying words underscore the theme of telling and believing within this play. Just as Romeo is surprised that the apothecary held true to his word that the poison would kill him instantly, the audience may feel sadness that "with a kiss" Romeo dies despite being told by the Prologue at the beginning that this would happen.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This line gives the play an unfinished ending. The fate of the other characters within the play who had a hand in Romeo and Juliet's deaths is uncertain. While the source text for this play details the banishment of the Nurse, the pardoning of the Friar, and the hanging of the Apothecary, Shakespeare leaves the ending open to deny a sense of closure to the audience.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
The finals lines of this play mimic the structure of the end of a sonnet, an ABAB quatrain followed by a rhyming couplet. This could be read as a sense of closure in which the Prince offers the audience the story's moral. It would also be read as another instance in which a character tries to shape the story by adding their own narrative.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that even in their grief, Montague and Capulet are competing for who can build a better monument. This could suggest that the lovers' deaths did not end the feud, simply repurpose it.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Like the Friar, the Prince blames higher powers for the deaths of the lovers. The Prince invokes the idea of fate in order to blame the deaths on the feud between the Capulets and Montagues: the tragedy is karma for their hatred. Notice that this is once again a retelling of what has happened. The many instances of retelling throughout this story ask the audience to focus on not what is being said but how it is being said.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
The Friar narrates everything that the audience has just seen for the other characters on the stage. Yet because the Friar is telling the basic points of the story, it is once again a reminder to focus on how something is told rather than what is told. Like the Prologue, this is another instance in which the audience must check if they have paid attention to the right part of the story.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Like Romeo who called the poison "cordial", Juliet sees death as a restorative, or medication. Now that Romeo is dead, Juliet's only relief will come with death. Ironically, the poison is the only "medicine" that can save her.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that the Friar blames chance, the "unkind hour," for the tragedy of Romeo and Paris's deaths. Even though it was the Friar's plan that set up these two deaths, he focuses on the random, uncontrollable forces that made his plan go so awry.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
In this metaphor, Romeo compares his suicide to a desperate ship captain intentionally destroying his boat on rocks when his boat is weary. This imagery recalls Romeo's original characterization of his passionate grief as "the roaring sea."
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Romeo fears that Death will keep Juliet as his love, and thus vows to kill himself to protect her from Death. Romeo personifies Death here in order to offer a reason why he must die other than sadness over Juliet's death. If Death is a personified being, then Romeo can protect his love from this "abhorred monster."
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Here, Romeo claims that Tybalt is avenged if Romeo kills himself, just as Mercutio was avenged when Romeo killed Tybalt. Notice that while Romeo sees his own death as justice, he still connects Tybalt with the fault of "sundering", splitting or dissolving Mercutio's youth. In this way, he both justifies and takes responsibility for his action.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Unlike sick men who die surrounded by "keepers," or nurses, and merrily welcome death, Romeo does not greet death with the same joy. In comparing himself to these men who are happy to die, Romeo bring attention to the tragedy of his young death.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is a moment of dramatic irony. The audience knows that Juliet's cheeks and lips are not pale because she is not actually dead. However, Romeo believes that this is a sign of her everlasting beauty: even in death Juliet is beautiful.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Here Romeo conflates his fate with Paris's fate. Both men were doomed by misfortune in love; both men have lost their love. Notice that Romeo holds no malice towards Paris or anger that he was supposed to marry Juliet. Both men become equal in the face of death.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
The Friar here speaks to his own inability to control the events of the story. His plan was thwarted by a series of unlikely and unfortunate events that led to the death that he was trying to prevent. The friar says this in order to recognize his own inability to control fate and death.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Romeo's final words to Juliet reflect his first words to her. It is another example of a reverse-blazon in which the speaker fragments himself by individually describing each of his body parts rather than fragmenting his love object.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Romeo references the graves around them to threaten Paris with death if he interferes with Romeo's plans. Notice how Shakespeare uses the dialogue to establish the setting, and fills that setting with emotional charge based on who is speaking.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
A "maw" is a jaw generally associated with a ravenous animal. Here, Romeo conflates the image of death as devouring with the image of death as giving life in depicting it as a womb. His metaphors mix life and death together to suggest that his grief makes them indistinguishable.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice how Paris goes back and forth between wedding night imagery and funeral imagery. The "canopy" is not a cloth covering to a bed, but the dust covering a head stone.