Act III - Scene I
A public place. |
Enter Mercutio, Benvolio, and Men. |
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Enter Tybalt and others. |
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Enter Romeo. |
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Draws. |
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They fight. |
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Tybalt under Romeo's arm thrusts Mercutio in, and flies with his Followers. |
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Enter Benvolio. |
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Enter Tybalt. |
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They fight. Tybalt falls. |
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Enter Citizens. |
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Enter Prince (attended), Old Montague, Capulet, their Wives, and others. |
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Mercutio was related to the Prince, not the Capulets or Montagues. The Prince ignores both arguments made by the Montagues and Capulets because their feud took the life of one of his kin.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that Benvolio tells the same story that the audience just witnessed first hand. Much like the Prologue that narrates the story for the audience before the play has begun, Benvolio narrates the scene after it has ended. This both reminds the audience to pay attention and summarizes what just happened in case anyone missed it.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Fortune was a medieval and Early Modern concept that explained sudden reversals in luck on all levels of society, such as loss of money or fatal sickness. Here, Romeo invokes this common image in order to show that he is a victim of the indifferent Lady Fortune and that his bright future has suddenly disappeared. However, "fool" also suggests that Romeo recognizes that his future was taken from him because he allowed himself to be tricked by Fortune.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
With this line Romeo marks the turning point in the play and within himself. Thus far, the audience has seen Romeo melancholic and in love. This marks the point at which Romeo enters the feud. Ironically, Romeo acknowledges that this turn in events will end in woe, foreshadowing his tragic end.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Conduct" in this context means guide. At the beginning of the scene love was Romeo's guide. Because Mercutio has died, Romeo's love has been replaced by hatred.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Benvolio's call to Romeo here recalls Juliet's call to Romeo in the balcony scene. Juliet's repetition of Romeo's name removed its importance. Benvolio's repetition of Romeo's name reassigns importance to it. Benvolio metaphorically marks Romeo as a Capulet, which makes Tybalt his mortal enemy.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Notice that in the wake of his friend's death, Romeo immediately blames his actions on love. Love and violence are once again conflated. However, while this theme occurred only in metaphors and puns before, now they move tragically into reality.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Near ally" means close relative: Mercutio is the Prince's cousin. Romeo takes up feeling of injustice, which Mercutio voiced in his dying words, that Mercutio died for a feud he was not related to.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
The "book of arithmetic" is fighting by calculation, in other words fighting with proper fencing technique. Here, Mercutio is particularly angry because Tybalt did not fight by the book but rather stabbed Mercutio under Romeo's arm. Mercutio laments that it was not a fair fight, and implicates Romeo in his murder.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Peppered" means done for. As soon as Mercutio makes his joke about being dead the next day, he realizes that it is not a joke but rather the truth. In this moment he becomes angry and his language changes from playful and punning to serious and literal.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Grave man" means both someone who is serious and someone who inhabits a grave. As he dies, Mercutio continues to play with language. However, the double entendre now invoked by his speech is not playful but heavy, and foreshadows his own death.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Remember that Mercutio is neither a Capulet nor a Montague, but rather a collateral victim of their feud. In cursing Romeo's house, Mercutio reminds Romeo that he fought on his behalf and died for Romeo's family's honor. In this way, Romeo becomes responsible for avenging Mercutio's death.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is the first time that Mercutio utters this curse on the Montagues and Capulets. In Shakespeare's time it was believed that curses had to be said three times in order to be serious. The first was a joke, the second was angry, and the third laid the curse. Notice that as the curse is repeated it becomes more real; the progression of the curse underscores the growing severity of Mercutio's wound until he finally dies. Having Mercutio, the play's main comedic character, die slowly rather than instantly allows his death to symbolize the play's transition from comedy to drama: just as the curse goes from a joke to a malediction, so does the play go from a romance to a tragedy.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is a fencing term that means "at the thrust," "on gaurde," or let's begin. Mercutio challenges Tybalt to battle in order to redeem Romeo's "vile submission," or perceived cowardice.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Here, Romeo extends his love for Juliet to her family. He proposes the very feeling that the Friar had hoped would resolve the hatred between the two families; however, ironically it is this compassion that causes the coming tragedy.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"Field" in this context means a battlefield. Mercutio takes up Tybalt's insult and converts "man," meaning manservant, into "man" meaning opponent in battle. Notice that Mercutio keeps escalating the insults so that they suggest physical violence.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
"My man" was the address form one used to refer to their servant. In this context, Tybalt is calling Romeo is "man," or servant, in order to disrespect Romeo and infuriate Mercutio.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is an insult that combines "God's wounds" into one word. God's wounds references the wounds Jesus received while on the cross and was seen as an incredibly offensive insult in Shakespeare's time.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
In most productions of this play, Mercutio draws his sword as he says this line to compare a musician's violin, or "fiddlestick," to his sword. Mercutio is using the same punning language that he used with Romeo and Benvolio earlier in the play. However, here he uses it to taunt Tybalt to fight.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Depart here means to take leave, but it also grimly points to the second meaning of this word, to depart from the world or die. Benvolio warns Mercutio to leave the fight because too many people are watching, while his language signals to the audience that this fight will be the death of Mercutio.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
Mercutio is taunting Tybalt to fight him. He is enacting the same behavior that he assigned to Benvolio earlier in this scene. Mercutio marks himself as the hot-headed fighter.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
It is ironic that Mercutio tells Benvolio that he is a hot-head when Mercutio has been the most outspoken and offensive character in the play so far. Mercutio describes himself more in his anecdote about the tavern brawler than Benvolio.
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— Caitlin, Owl Eyes Staff
This is another instance of foreshadowing that refers to the tragedy promised in the Prologue. Moments like this remind the audience that they are watching a tragedy so that they understand the irony in these exchanges, which would otherwise be seen as comedic.
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— William Delaney
To pardon those who kill may seem merciful, but in the long run it does more harm than good because it only encourages other people to commit more murders. Therefore, paradoxically, the "mercy" is actually responsible for murders. The Prince is not implying that the only punishment for murder should be death, since he is sentencing Romeo to exile.